Assessment of Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drug Use

描述（由申请人提供）：存在大量关于合成代谢雄激素类固醇和其他外观和性能增强药物（APED）的文献，然而，目前不存在经验验证的APED使用措施。本提案的目的是开发一种可靠有效的半结构化访谈，用于评估APED使用的核心现象，称为外观和性能增强药物使用时间表（APEDUS）。具体目标是：（1）建立一个半结构化的访谈，了解与使用APED有关的具体现象、吸毒模式、病理态度和行为;（B）通过计算评分者间信度、重测信度、内部一致性、同时效度、聚合效度、内容效度和区分效度，建立APEDUS的心理测量学特征。样本将包括104名（52名男性，52名女性）目前的APED用户，他们将完成一系列访谈和问卷自我报告评估，包括APEDUS。为了建立一周的重测信度，随机抽取24名APED使用者，由盲法评估员进行第二次APED访谈。通过比较APEDUS结果与另一随机子样本（n = 32）中的尿液筛查结果，计算访谈的敏感性和安全性。内容有效性将通过APED用户对项目内容的反馈以及将有关APED使用模式、动机和后果的相关文献纳入APEDUS项目来建立。APEDUS的收敛效度将通过APEDUS项目和子量表与先前确定的相关精神病理学和整体损伤指标之间的相关性和半部分相关性来确定。特别是，APEDUS项目和子量表将与肌肉变形障碍和进食障碍病理学及其共享特征（例如，强迫性运动）。判别效度将通过APED访谈项目和社会期望量表之间的相关性建立。拟议的项目是制定APEDUS，这是衡量成年男子和妇女使用APED的一个指标。这样的措施将有助于NIDA对研究APED使用的兴趣，使研究人员能够准确评估与服用药物改变外观或改善表现相关的风险，并最终提高我们对这些药物对使用它们的男性和女性的影响的理解。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There exists a substantial litterature on anabolic-androgenic streoids and other Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drugs (APEDs), however, no empirically validated measures of APED use currently exist. The objective of the current proposal is to develop a reliable and valid semi-structured interview for assessing the core phenomena of APED use, termed the Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drug Use Schedule (APEDUS). The specific aims are to (1) develop a semi-structured interview of the specific phenomena, drug use patterns, and pathological attitudes and behaviors associated with APED use, (b) establish the psychometric propoerties of the APEDUS through calculation of inter-rater reliablity, test-retest reliablity, internal consistency, concurrent, convergent, content and discriminant validity. The sample will consitute 104 (52 men, 52 women) current APED users who will complete a battery of interview and questionnaire self-report assessments including the APEDUS. To establish one week test-retest reliablity, a random subsample of APED users (n = 24) will complete a second APED interview administered by a blind assessor. Sensitivity and secificity of the interview will be calculated by comparing APEDUS results with urine screen results in another random sub-sample (n = 32). Content validity will be established through feedback from APED users on item content and incorporation of the relevant litterature on APED use patterns, motivations, and consequences into the APEDUS items. Convergent validity of the APEDUS will be established through correlations and semi-paritial correlations between APEDUS items and subscales with previously established measures of associated psychopathology and global impairment. In particular, APEDUS items and subscales will be correlated with measures of muscle dysmorphia and eating disorder symptomology and their shared features (e.g., compulsive exercise). Discriminant validity will be established through correlations between APED interview items and a social desirability scale. The proposed project is to develop the APEDUS, a measure of APED use in adult men and women. Such a measure will help forward NIDA's interests in studying APED use by enabling researchers accurately assess the risks associated with taking drugs to alter appearance or improve performance and ultimately improve our understanding of the consequences these drugs have on the men and women who use them.