Assessment of Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drug Use

描述（由申请人提供）：存在大量关于合成代谢雄激素类固醇和其他外观和性能增强药物（APEDs）的文献，然而，目前没有经验验证的APED使用措施。当前提案的目标是开发一种可靠有效的半结构化访谈，用于评估应用的核心现象，称为外观和性能增强药物使用时间表（APEDUS）。具体目的是：(1)对与药物使用相关的特定现象、药物使用模式、病理态度和行为进行半结构化访谈；(b)通过计算APEDUS的内部信度、重测信度、内部一致性、并发效度、收敛效度、内容效度和判别效度，建立APEDUS的心理测量特性。样本将包括104名（52名男性，52名女性）目前的APED用户，他们将完成一系列访谈和问卷调查自我报告评估，包括APEDUS。为了建立一个星期的测试-重测信度，一个随机抽样的使用者（n = 24）将完成由盲评员管理的第二次测试。访谈的敏感性和特异性将通过比较APEDUS结果与另一个随机子样本（n = 32）的尿液筛查结果来计算。内容效度将通过APEDUS用户对项目内容的反馈以及将有关APEDUS使用模式、动机和后果的相关文献纳入APEDUS项目来建立。APEDUS的收敛效度将通过APEDUS项目和子量表与先前建立的相关精神病理和整体损伤测量之间的相关性和半偏相关性来建立。特别是，APEDUS项目和子量表将与肌肉畸形和饮食失调症状及其共同特征（例如，强迫性运动）的测量相关联。区分效度将通过ap访谈项目与社会期望量表之间的相关性来建立。拟议的项目是开发APEDUS，以衡量成年男性和女性的使用情况。通过使研究人员能够准确地评估服用药物以改变外观或提高表现的风险，并最终提高我们对这些药物对使用它们的男性和女性的后果的理解，这样的措施将有助于推进NIDA对研究APED使用的兴趣。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There exists a substantial litterature on anabolic-androgenic streoids and other Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drugs (APEDs), however, no empirically validated measures of APED use currently exist. The objective of the current proposal is to develop a reliable and valid semi-structured interview for assessing the core phenomena of APED use, termed the Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drug Use Schedule (APEDUS). The specific aims are to (1) develop a semi-structured interview of the specific phenomena, drug use patterns, and pathological attitudes and behaviors associated with APED use, (b) establish the psychometric propoerties of the APEDUS through calculation of inter-rater reliablity, test-retest reliablity, internal consistency, concurrent, convergent, content and discriminant validity. The sample will consitute 104 (52 men, 52 women) current APED users who will complete a battery of interview and questionnaire self-report assessments including the APEDUS. To establish one week test-retest reliablity, a random subsample of APED users (n = 24) will complete a second APED interview administered by a blind assessor. Sensitivity and secificity of the interview will be calculated by comparing APEDUS results with urine screen results in another random sub-sample (n = 32). Content validity will be established through feedback from APED users on item content and incorporation of the relevant litterature on APED use patterns, motivations, and consequences into the APEDUS items. Convergent validity of the APEDUS will be established through correlations and semi-paritial correlations between APEDUS items and subscales with previously established measures of associated psychopathology and global impairment. In particular, APEDUS items and subscales will be correlated with measures of muscle dysmorphia and eating disorder symptomology and their shared features (e.g., compulsive exercise). Discriminant validity will be established through correlations between APED interview items and a social desirability scale. The proposed project is to develop the APEDUS, a measure of APED use in adult men and women. Such a measure will help forward NIDA's interests in studying APED use by enabling researchers accurately assess the risks associated with taking drugs to alter appearance or improve performance and ultimately improve our understanding of the consequences these drugs have on the men and women who use them.