Blood Markers of Mobile Source Particle Exposure

描述(由申请人提供)：大量关于空气中细颗粒物污染的研究表明与心脏病有关，但由于实际原因，这些研究没有包括对生化风险因素或个人暴露的直接评估。在这一探索性/发展性研究应用中，我们开发了一种方法来采集血液样本，并从一组有工会组织的卡车运输公司工人中招募研究参与者，这些工人经常在职业上接触机动车尾气中的细颗粒物(PM)。在卡车司机的合作下，我们建议评估加入工会的卡车运输公司工人同意为健康研究提供血液样本和完成健康问卷的比率。采血和研究招聘地点将设在伊利诺伊州芝加哥和宾夕法尼亚州卡莱尔大型卡车码头附近的卡车司机工会大厅，这些码头雇用了3481名工人。提供血液样本的受试者的人口统计学和暴露分布将与不提供血液样本的工人进行比较。这种在联合大厅寻找静脉采集中心的策略将与一项配套研究的结果进行比较，在该研究中，另一组卡车司机被通过邮寄招募，并被要求使用血液采集试剂盒通过隔夜邮寄的方式提供血液样本。将获得燃烧颗粒暴露(基于职称和终端位置)与血液炎症标志物之间的关系的初步信息，这些炎症标志物包括C-反应蛋白(CRP，使用高敏感性分析测量)、纤维蛋白原、白细胞介素6(IL-6)以及血管内皮细胞激活和炎症标志物(可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(slCAM-1)和可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1))。将评估燃烧颗粒暴露、血液炎症标志物和1，2-萘醌和1，4-萘醌白蛋白加合物浓度之间的横截面关系，这些都是多环芳烃(PAHs)的特定生物标志物。这种方法将为大量人口提供预期的个人监测的可能性，大大增加检测健康影响并将其与个人风险因素和暴露在机动车尾气中的能力联系起来的能力。拟议的探索性和发展性研究的结果将有助于我们设计一项前瞻性研究，以确定机动车PM暴露与心血管疾病之间的关系。这对公众健康具有重要意义，因为美国总人口中的很大一部分人接触的细颗粒物与卡车公司工人接触的细颗粒物相似。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Large population studies of fine particulate air pollution have shown a link with heart disease, but for practical reasons they have not included direct assessment of biochemical risk factors or personal exposures. In this Exploratory/Developmental Research application we develop the methodology to collect blood samples and recruit study participants from a national cohort of unionized trucking company workers who have regular occupational exposures to fine particulate matter (PM) from motor vehicle exhaust. With the cooperation of the Teamsters we propose to assess the rate that unionized trucking company workers agree to provide a blood sample and complete a health questionnaire for a health study. Phlebotomy and study recruitment sites will be located in Teamster union halls near large trucking terminals in Chicago, IL and Carlisle, PA that employ 3,481 workers. The demographics and exposure distribution of subjects who provide a blood sample will be compared to workers who do not provide a blood sample. This strategy of locating phlebotomy centers in Union halls will be compared to the results from a companion study where another group of Teamsters are recruited by mail and requested to provide a blood sample by overnight mail using a blood collection kit. Preliminary information regarding the relationship between combustion particle exposures (based on job title and terminal location) and blood markers of inflammation that include C-reactive protein (CRP, measured using a high sensitivity assay), fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and markers of vascular endothelial activation and inflammation (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (slCAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)) will be obtained. Cross-sectional relationships between combustion particle exposures, blood markers of inflammation, and concentrations of 1,2-naphthoquinone and 1,4- naphthoquinone albumin adducts, specific biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) will be assessed. This approach will offer the possibility of prospective personal monitoring for a large population, greatly increasing the power to detect health effects and link them to personal risk factors and exposure to motor vehicle exhaust. The results from the proposed exploratory and developmental study will aid us in designing a prospective study to determine the relationship between PM exposures from motor vehicles and cardiovascular disease. This is of public health importance because large segments of the general US population have exposures to fine particles similar to trucking company worker exposures.