CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ADVENTISTS--A LOW RISK GROUP

这项研究的目的是提供强有力的证据，说明某些饮食习惯可能产生的影响。 三种最常见癌症（乳腺癌、前列腺癌和结肠癌）风险的变量。所选饮食 变量引起了极大的兴趣，因为大众媒体广泛宣传使用变量，但没有明确的证据。 它们是a）大豆异黄酮; B）维生素D、钙摄入量和阳光照射;以及c）长链 不饱和脂肪酸（尤其是亚麻酸）。我们借此机会研究一个特殊的人群， 将为这些调查增加不同寻常的清晰度在本研究的01-04年期间， 基督复临安息日会已经成立（预计105 000名受试者中有85 000名现已入组）。 超过一半的基督复临安息日会信徒食用大豆的水平仅在远东其他地方可见， 摄入量与尿中胆甾酮高度相关。它们的钙含量范围也异常广泛 消费，和人口，谁是来自所有50个州和加拿大，跨越广泛的 纬度和阳光照射。近一半的人口是素食主义者，许多人吃乳制品 产品，坚果，种子和大豆，这些提供了广泛的膳食亚麻酸和其他长链 不饱和酸。这些属性为统计分析提供了力量。大型校准/验证研究， 正在建立1000例受试者以支持这些分析。在接下来的五年里，大约1650年 将确定选定身体部位的新癌症。在北美肿瘤的支持下 注册协会，我们将使用以下方法与所有美国和加拿大肿瘤注册中心进行计算机匹配， 都是统一的并且经过飞行员测试这是以前没有实现过的，我们的方法和经验 这对其他研究者来说是有用的。下一个资助期的新研究重点是修改 饮食对这些癌症的影响。这项工作将集中在已知功能的遗传变异， 重要性与上述三个饮食重点领域之一有关。从06年开始 四名经验丰富的研究人员将与洛马琳达研究小组合作，以实现这一目标。 使用一个经过充分测试的计划，我们将建立一个生物储存库，以支持这一新的重点。罪要归 从50，000名受试者中获得，从33，000名受试者中获得皮下脂肪抽吸物，并从30，000名受试者中获得唾液样本。在 将从超过80，000名受试者中获得至少一种生物标志物。最后，这一群体中有25-30%是 黑人（非洲裔美国人），研究问题将在整个人口以及 分别在这个组。黑人基督复临安息日会有大致相似的饮食趋势，但由于未知的原因， 少数民族人群中某些癌症的发病率要高得多。总之，我们建立了一个大型的 跨美国和加拿大的队列，来自一个独特的信息丰富的人群。按照原计划， 在未来的06-10年，这一杰出的资源将提供所提出的问题的答案。

The goals of this research are to provide strong evidence about the possible effects of certain dietary variables on risks of three of the most common cancers (breast, prostate and colon). The selected dietary variables are of great interest as the popular press widely promotes their use, but without clear evidence. They are a) soy isoflavones; b) vitamin D, calcium intake and sunlight exposure; and c) Long chain unsaturated fatty acids (especially linolenic acid). We take the opportunity to study a special population that will add unusual clarity to these investigations. During Years 01-04 of this research a large cohort of Seventh-day Adventists has been established (85,000 of the anticipated 105,000 subjects are now enrolled). More than half of Adventists eat soy at levels seen elsewhere only in the Far East, and estimates of soy intake correlate highly with urinary isoflavones. They also have an unusually wide range of calcium consumption, and the population, who are drawn from all 50 states and Canada, spans of wide range of latitudes and hence sunlight exposure. Nearly half of the population are vegetarian, and many eat dairy products, nuts, seeds and soy, these providing a wide range of dietary linolenic and other long-chain unsaturated acids. These attributes lend power to statistical analyses. A large calibration/validation study of 1000 subjects is being established to support these analyses. During the next 5 years approximately 1650 new cancers at the selected body sites will be identified. With support from the North American tumor registry association, we will computer-match with all U.S and Canadian tumor registries using methods that are uniform and pilot-tested. This has not previously been accomplished and our methods and experience will be useful for other investigators. A new research emphasis in the next funding period is the modification of dietary effects on these cancers, by genes. This work will focus on genetic variants of known functional importance that are relevant to one of the three areas of dietary emphasis listed above. Starting Year 06 four very experienced investigators will collaborate with the Loma Linda research team for this purpose. Using a well-tested plan we will establish a bio-repository to support this new emphasis. Blood will be obtained from 50,000 subjects, subcutaneous fat aspirates from 33,000 and saliva samples from 30,000. At least one biomarker will be obtained from more than 80,000 subjects. Finally, 25-30% of this cohort are black (African-American), and the research questions will be investigated in the whole population as well as separately in this group. Black Adventists have broadly similar dietary trends, but for unknown reasons this minority population has a much greater incidence certain cancers. In summary, we have established a large cohort spanning both the U.S. and Canada from a uniquely informative population. As originally planned it is during the coming Years 06-10 that this outstanding resource will provide answers to the questions posed.