CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ADVENTISTS--A LOW RISK GROUP

这项研究的目的是提供强有力的证据，证明某些饮食变量对三种最常见癌症（乳腺癌、前列腺癌和结肠癌）风险的可能影响。所选择的饮食变量是非常有趣的，因为大众媒体广泛提倡它们的使用，但没有明确的证据。它们是a)大豆异黄酮；b)维生素D、钙的摄入和阳光照射；c)长链不饱和脂肪酸（尤其是亚麻酸）。我们借此机会研究一个特殊的人群，这将为这些调查增加不同寻常的清晰度。在这项研究的01-04年期间，基督复临安息日会信徒已经建立了一个庞大的队列（预计105,000名受试者中的85,000名现在已经注册）。超过一半的基督复临信徒食用大豆的水平只有在远东地区才有，而且大豆摄入量估计与尿异黄酮高度相关。他们的钙摄入量也有不同寻常的大范围，这些人口来自全美50个州和加拿大，跨越了很宽的纬度，因此阳光照射的范围也很大。近一半的人口是素食主义者，许多人吃乳制品、坚果、种子和大豆，这些食物提供了广泛的亚麻酸和其他长链不饱和酸。这些属性增强了统计分析的能力。为支持这些分析，正在建立一项涉及1000名受试者的大型校准/验证研究。在接下来的5年里，将在选定的身体部位发现大约1650例新的癌症。在北美肿瘤登记协会的支持下，我们将使用统一和试点测试的方法与所有美国和加拿大肿瘤登记进行计算机匹配。这是以前没有完成的，我们的方法和经验将对其他研究者有用。下一个资助期的一个新的研究重点是通过基因来改变饮食对这些癌症的影响。这项工作将集中在已知功能重要的遗传变异上，这些变异与上面列出的三个饮食重点领域之一有关。从2006年开始，四位非常有经验的调查人员将为此目的与洛马琳达研究小组合作。我们将使用一个经过充分测试的计划，建立一个生物资源库来支持这一新的重点。将采集5万名受试者的血液、3.3万名受试者的皮下脂肪和3万名受试者的唾液样本。将从80,000多名受试者中获得至少一种生物标志物。最后，该队列中有25-30%是黑人（非裔美国人），研究问题将在整个人群中进行调查，也将在该组中单独进行调查。黑人基督复临信徒的饮食趋势大致相似，但由于未知的原因，这一少数群体的某些癌症发病率要高得多。总之，我们已经建立了一个跨越美国和加拿大的大型队列，来自一个独特的信息人群。按照最初的计划，这一杰出的资源将在未来06-10年期间为所提出的问题提供答案。网站性能 ======================================== 节结束 ===========================================

EXCEEDTHESPACE The goals of this research are to provide strong evidence about the possible effects of certain dietary variables on risks of three of the most common cancers (breast, prostate and colon). The selected dietary variables are of great interest as the popular press widely promotes their use, but without clear evidence. They are a) soy isoflavones; b) vitamin D, calcium intake and sunlight exposure; and c) Long chain unsaturated fatty acids (especially linolenic acid). We take the opportunity to study a special population that will add unusual clarity to these investigations. During Years 01-04 of this research a large cohort of Seventh-day Adventists has been established (85,000 of the anticipated 105,000 subjects are now enrolled). More than half of Adventists eat soy at levels seen elsewhere only in the Far East, and estimates of soy intake correlate highly with urinary isoflavones. They also have an unusually wide range of calcium consumption, and the population, who are drawn from all 50 states and Canada, spans of wide range of latitudes and hence sunlight exposure. Nearly half of the population are vegetarian, and many eat dairy products, nuts, seeds and soy, these providing a wide range of dietary linolenic and other long-chain unsaturated acids. These attributes lend power to statistical analyses. A large calibration/validation study of 1000 subjects is being established to support these analyses. During the next 5 years approximately 1650 new cancers at the selected body sites will be identified. With support from the North American tumor registry association, we will computer-match with all U.S and Canadian tumor registries using methods that are uniform and pilot-tested. This has not previously been accomplished and our methods and experience will be useful for other investigators. A new research emphasis in the next funding period is the modification of dietary effects on these cancers, by genes. This work will focus on genetic variants of known functional importance that are relevant to one of the three areas of dietary emphasis listed above. Starting Year 06 four very experienced investigators will collaborate with the Loma Linda research team for this purpose. Using a well-tested plan we will establish a bio-repository to support this new emphasis. Blood will be obtained from 50,000 subjects, subcutaneous fat aspirates from 33,000 and saliva samples from 30,000. At least one biomarker will be obtained from more than 80,000 subjects. Finally, 25-30% of this cohort are black (African-American), and the research questions will be investigated in the whole population as well as separately in this group. Black Adventists have broadly similar dietary trends, but for unknown reasons this minority population has a much greater incidence certain cancers. In summary, we have established a large cohort spanning both the U.S. and Canada from a uniquely informative population. As originally planned it is during the coming Years 06-10 that this outstanding resource will provide answers to the questions posed. PERFORMANCE SITE ========================================Section End===========================================