NO DETECTION OF EXERCISE ENERGY EXPENDITURE

本子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源的众多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者（PI）可能已经从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。列出的机构是中心的，不一定是研究者的机构。这项研究的目的是为了更好地了解在运动或热量限制中消耗的卡路里是如何影响我们的食欲和食物消耗的。在美国和其他发达国家，肥胖症发病率的快速增长增加了对更有效地利用运动和饮食来预防或逆转肥胖的需求。在这项研究中，我们将试图回答两个问题：(1)摄入的卡路里和直接进入血液的卡路里对我们的饥饿感和饱腹感的影响是一样的吗？为了回答这个问题，我们将把一顿饭中吃的食物产生的食欲和饱腹感与静脉注射带来的相同数量的卡路里进行比较。我们的猜测是，只有我们通过口腔摄入并通过胃肠道消化的卡路里才会影响我们的饥饿感和饱腹感。(2)在运动中消耗的卡路里对我们的饥饿感和饱腹感的影响与从一顿饭中扣留的相同数量的卡路里的影响是一样的吗？为了回答这个问题，我们将比较两小时运动产生的食欲和饱腹感，以及从一顿饭中扣留的相同数量的卡路里。我们的猜测是，运动中消耗的卡路里不会影响我们的饥饿感和饱腹感，但从一顿饭中扣留的卡路里会影响我们的饥饿感和饱腹感。除了测量饥饿感、食欲、估计进食能力和饱腹感外，我们还将测量血液样本中的几种激素，这些样本将在白天的12小时内大约每30分钟提取一次。其中一些激素被认为是饥饿和饱腹的信号，而另一些则在我们的身体检测到能量减少时释放出来。我们还将通过采样氧气的消耗和废气二氧化碳的产生来测量能量代谢。更好地了解在运动或热量限制中消耗的卡路里如何影响我们的食欲，以及食物消耗如何影响我们的饱腹感，将有助于我们制定更好的策略，利用运动和食物限制来预防肥胖或诱导减肥。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The goal of this research study is to gain a better understanding of how calories expended during exercise or caloric restriction affect our appetite and food consumption. Rapid growth in the incidence of obesity in the United States and other developed countries has increased the need for a more efficient use of exercise and diet in efforts to prevent or reverse obesity.In this study we will try to answer two questions: (1) Do calories that are eaten have the same effect on our sense of hunger and satiety as the same number of calories delivered directly into the blood? To answer this question, we will compare appetite and satiety produced by food eaten during a meal to the same number of calories introduced by intravenous injection. Our guess is that only calories that we ingest by mouth and digest through our gastro-intestinal tract will affect our sense of hunger and satiety. (2) Do calories that are expended during exercise have the same effect on our sense of hunger and satiety as the same number of calories withheld from a meal? To answer this question, we will compare appetite and satiety resulting from two hours of exercise to the same number of calories withheld from a meal. Our guess is that calories that are expended during exercise do not affect our sense of hunger and satiety, but that the calories withheld from a meal, do. Besides measuring the levels of hunger, desire to eat, the estimate of capacity to eat, and the sense of fullness, we will measure several hormones in the blood samples that will be withdrawn approximately every 30 minutes during 12 hours of daytime. Some of these hormones are thought to signal hunger and satiety, and others are released when our body detects reduced availability of energy. We also will measure energy metabolism by sampling consumption of oxygen and production of waste gas, carbon dioxide. A better understanding of how calories expended during exercise or caloric restriction affect our appetite, and food consumption affects our satiety, will help us develop better strategies for using exercise and food restriction to prevent obesity or induce weight loss.