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Role of Exercise in the Endocrine Control of Feeding

运动在摄食内分泌控制中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
6898610
负责人：
KATARINA T BORER
金额：
$ 22.44万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2005-09-01 至 2008-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6898610
关键词：
bioenergetics calorimetry catecholamines cholecystokinin clinical research dietary control endocrine gland /system exercise hormone regulation /control mechanism human subject hunger nutrient intake activity nutrition related tag obesity psychophysiology radioimmunoassay statistics /biometry weight loss

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Millions of obese Americans fail to achieve and maintain substantial fat losses, but a small number are successful in doing so by combining large volumes of exercise with dietary control. Although the hormonal and physiological controls of feeding under sedentary conditions have been studied in great detail, how expenditure of metabolic fuels during exercise affects these controls is poorly understood. A better understanding of whether the metabolic energy expenditure is undetectable at the conscious level, and to what extent exercise intensity may suppress appetite through hormonal mechanisms, could lead to improved strategies for fat loss in obese individuals. Based on our preliminary study and the results of others, we hypothesize that (1) changes in the concentration of circulating metabolic fuels caused by energy cost of exercise are not detected consciously as changes in the levels of hunger and desire to eat, or compensated for through changes in the quantities of food consumed, in contrast to the appropriate psychophysical and physiological adjustments when calories are withheld from meals during a day; (2) changes in the metabolic energy expenditure are metered and compensated for by autonomic and hormonal reflexes which adjust circulating metabolic fuel availability; and (3) at high exercise intensities, hormonal and/or sympathetic responses to exercise may additionally induce an active suppression of hunger. Our first specific aim is to compare how an equal energy deficit incurred through exercise or through withholding of food, either in the absence, or in the presence of intravenous nutrient replacement, affects (1) sensations of hunger, desire to eat, and estimate of capacity to eat before the meal, and sensation of fullness after the meal; (2) secretion of counter-regulatory hormones ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), epinephrine (E), and glucagon on one hand and of postprandial hormones cholecystokinin=CCK, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY ; insulin, and leptin, and (3) plasma concentrations of metabolic fuels glucose and free fatty acids (FFA). Our second specific aim is to compare the psycho-physical (as in 1), hormonal (as in 2), and metabolic (as in 3) responses to exercise of two intensities, at 35% and 70% of maximal effort. The findings from these studies will extend theoretical understanding of energy regulation and provide insight for improved weight-loss strategies in obese individuals.

描述(由申请人提供)：数以百万计的肥胖美国人未能实现并保持实质性的脂肪减少，但有一小部分人通过大量锻炼和饮食控制相结合的方式成功地做到了这一点。虽然对久坐状态下摄食的荷尔蒙和生理控制已经进行了非常详细的研究，但运动过程中代谢燃料的消耗如何影响这些控制还知之甚少。更好地了解在意识水平上是否无法检测到代谢能量消耗，以及运动强度可能在多大程度上通过荷尔蒙机制抑制食欲，可能会改善肥胖者的减脂策略。根据我们的初步研究和其他人的结果，我们假设：(1)运动能量成本引起的循环代谢燃料浓度的变化没有被有意识地检测到，因为饥饿和进食欲望的变化，或者通过食物消耗量的变化来补偿，而不是一天中不吃卡路里时适当的心理和生理调整；(2)代谢能量消耗的变化是由调节循环代谢燃料供应的自主神经和荷尔蒙反射来计量和补偿的；以及(3)在高运动强度下，对运动的荷尔蒙和/或交感反应可能额外地诱导对饥饿的积极抑制。我们的第一个具体目标是比较在缺乏或存在静脉营养替代的情况下，由于锻炼或停止进食而产生的同等能量不足如何影响(1)饥饿、进食欲望、饭前进食能力估计和饭后饱腹感；(2)一方面分泌反调节激素Ghrelin、生长激素(GH)、肾上腺素(E)和高血糖素，以及餐后激素CCK、胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)、肽YY；胰岛素和瘦素，以及(3)代谢燃料葡萄糖和游离脂肪酸(FFA)的血浆浓度。我们的第二个具体目标是比较两种强度的运动对心理-生理(如1)、荷尔蒙(2)和代谢(3)的反应，分别是最大努力的35%和70%。这些研究的发现将扩大对能量调节的理论理解，并为改善肥胖者的减肥策略提供见解。