Role of Exercise in the Endocrine Control of Feeding

运动在摄食内分泌控制中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
6898610
负责人：
KATARINA T BORER
金额：
$ 22.44万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2005-09-01 至 2008-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6898610
关键词：
bioenergetics calorimetry catecholamines cholecystokinin clinical research dietary control endocrine gland /system exercise hormone regulation /control mechanism human subject hunger nutrient intake activity nutrition related tag obesity psychophysiology radioimmunoassay statistics /biometry weight loss

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Millions of obese Americans fail to achieve and maintain substantial fat losses, but a small number are successful in doing so by combining large volumes of exercise with dietary control. Although the hormonal and physiological controls of feeding under sedentary conditions have been studied in great detail, how expenditure of metabolic fuels during exercise affects these controls is poorly understood. A better understanding of whether the metabolic energy expenditure is undetectable at the conscious level, and to what extent exercise intensity may suppress appetite through hormonal mechanisms, could lead to improved strategies for fat loss in obese individuals. Based on our preliminary study and the results of others, we hypothesize that (1) changes in the concentration of circulating metabolic fuels caused by energy cost of exercise are not detected consciously as changes in the levels of hunger and desire to eat, or compensated for through changes in the quantities of food consumed, in contrast to the appropriate psychophysical and physiological adjustments when calories are withheld from meals during a day; (2) changes in the metabolic energy expenditure are metered and compensated for by autonomic and hormonal reflexes which adjust circulating metabolic fuel availability; and (3) at high exercise intensities, hormonal and/or sympathetic responses to exercise may additionally induce an active suppression of hunger. Our first specific aim is to compare how an equal energy deficit incurred through exercise or through withholding of food, either in the absence, or in the presence of intravenous nutrient replacement, affects (1) sensations of hunger, desire to eat, and estimate of capacity to eat before the meal, and sensation of fullness after the meal; (2) secretion of counter-regulatory hormones ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), epinephrine (E), and glucagon on one hand and of postprandial hormones cholecystokinin=CCK, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY ; insulin, and leptin, and (3) plasma concentrations of metabolic fuels glucose and free fatty acids (FFA). Our second specific aim is to compare the psycho-physical (as in 1), hormonal (as in 2), and metabolic (as in 3) responses to exercise of two intensities, at 35% and 70% of maximal effort. The findings from these studies will extend theoretical understanding of energy regulation and provide insight for improved weight-loss strategies in obese individuals.

描述（由申请人提供）：数以百万计的肥胖美国人无法实现和维持大量的脂肪损失，但是通过将大量运动与饮食控制结合在一起，少数人成功地做到了这一点。尽管已经详细研究了在久坐疾病下喂养的荷尔蒙和生理控制，但运动过程中代谢燃料的支出如何影响这些控制。更好地理解代谢能量消耗在有意识的水平上是否无法检测到，运动强度在多大程度上可以通过荷尔蒙机制抑制食欲，这可能会改善肥胖个体脂肪损失的策略。基于我们的初步研究和其他人的结果，我们假设（1）（1）在饥饿水平的变化和饮食水平的变化中，没有被有意识地检测到循环代谢燃料浓度的变化，或者是通过与适当的心理学调整相比之下的食物的变化而享受饥饿感和饮食量的变化，或者是通过食物消耗的量的变化而获得的。（2）代谢能量消耗的变化是通过自主和激素反射来计量并补偿的，这些反射调整了循环代谢燃料的可用性；（3）在高运动强度下，激素和/或对运动的交感反应可能会诱发饥饿的积极抑制。我们的第一个具体目的是比较通过运动或在没有静脉养分替代物的情况下通过运动或预扣食物产生的相等能量缺乏，会影响（1）饥饿感，饮食和进餐前的饮食能力以及进餐后的饱食感；（2）一手和餐后激素胆囊动蛋白= CCK，胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1），肽yy;胰岛素和瘦素，以及（3）代谢燃料葡萄糖和游离脂肪酸（FFA）的血浆浓度。我们的第二个具体目的是比较心理物理（如1中），荷尔蒙（如2）和代谢（如3中）对行使两种强度的反应，最大努力的35％和70％。这些研究的发现将扩展对能源调节的理论理解，并为改善肥胖个体的减肥策略提供见解。