IMMUNOGENETICS AND FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE TO TYPE A INFLUENZA STRAINS

该子项目是利用NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源的许多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得主要资金，因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为中心，不一定是研究者所在机构。项目名称（全文）：阿拉斯加候鸟中禽流感病毒对A型流感毒株的免疫遗传学和功能反应A型流感病毒感染全世界的鸟类。由于高致病性禽流感亚株对家禽的破坏性影响以及流感与迁徙性野味物种的关联，旨在监测病毒感染发病率和流行率的努力一直集中在迁徙性水禽和家禽上。有关病毒基因组序列的最新信息使得能够更高通量地鉴定野生种群中的感染流行率，并促进动物模型中病毒致病性的研究。然而，尽管对病毒本身的了解越来越多，但我们不了解控制野鸟中新的和现有毒株的起源和种群动态的生态参数。新的证据表明，除了迁徙水禽之外的禽类来源可能在毁灭性的1918年H1N1 A型流感病毒株的出现中发挥了作用。A型流感的生态和分布以及禽类的免疫反应很少受到关注，但这些领域的知识对于了解新出现的大流行病毒（如1918年毒株）的潜力至关重要。 该项目的长期目标是了解遗传变异如何与环境变量相互作用，以影响具有跨物种传播能力的病毒株的潜在传播和出现。拟议工作的目标是确定感染阿拉斯加鸟类的禽流感的来源（从阿拉斯加州鱼类和野味以及美国鱼类和野生动物管理局许可下获得的样本采集），并确定鸟类免疫反应的遗传因素，这些因素是影响病毒流行的特征差异（如脱落和潜伏期）的原因。中心假设是免疫应答的特征与新病毒株出现的相对潜力有关。本项目的目标将解决和中心假设测试解决以下三个具体目标：目标1：确定鸟类和环境的来源，分布和持续性的A型流感在阿拉斯加。 目的2：检测水禽对甲型流感的免疫应答。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Project Title (in full): Immunogenetics and the Functional Response of Avian Hosts to Type A Influenza Strains in Migratory Birds of Alaska Type A influenza virus infects avian species worldwide. Efforts aimed at surveillance of viral infection incidence and prevalence have been focused on migratory waterfowl and domestic poultry because of the devastating effects of highly pathogenic avian influenza substrains in poultry and the association of influenza with migratory game species. Recent information about the genome sequence of the virus enables higher throughput identification for prevalence of infection in wild populations and facilitates studies of viral pathogenicity in animal models. However, despite increasing knowledge of the virus itself, we do not understand the ecological parameters that govern the origin and population dynamics of new and existing strains in wild birds. New evidence suggests that avian sources other than migratory waterfowl might have played a role in emergence of the devastating 1918 H1N1 strain of type A influenza virus. The ecology and distribution of Type A influenza and the immune response of avian species have received little attention, but knowledge of these areas will be critical to understanding the potential for emerging pandemic virus such as the 1918 strain. The long term aim of this project is to understand how genetic variation interacts with environmental variables to affect the potential transmission and emergence of viral strains with the capacity for trans-species transmission. The objectives of the proposed work are to determine the sources of avian influenza that infect Alaskan bird species (from sample collections obtained under permits to Alaska State Fish and Game and the US Fish and Wildlife Service) and to determine the genetic factors of immune response in birds that are responsible for differences in characteristics (such as shedding and latency) that affect viral prevalence. The central hypothesis is that the character of immune response is related to the relative potential for emergence of novel viral strains. The objectives of this project will be addressed and the central hypothesis tested by addressing the following three specific aims: Aim 1: Identify avian and environmental sources, distribution, and persistence of Type A Influenza in Alaska. Aim 2: Determine the immune response of waterfowl to Type A Influenza.