IMMUNOGENETICS AND FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE TO TYPE A INFLUENZA STRAINS

这个子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供的资源的许多研究子项目之一。子项目和调查员(PI)可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可能会出现在其他CRISE条目中。列出的机构是针对中心的，而不一定是针对调查员的机构。阿拉斯加甲型流感病毒在候鸟中的免疫遗传学和宿主对甲型流感病毒株的功能反应感染世界各地的禽类。由于家禽中高致病性禽流感亚株的破坏性影响以及流感与迁徙猎物物种的关联，旨在监测病毒感染发生率和流行率的努力一直集中在迁徙的水禽和家禽上。有关病毒基因组序列的最新信息使野生种群中的感染流行率能够更高的吞吐量识别，并有助于在动物模型中研究病毒的致病性。然而，尽管人们对病毒本身的了解越来越多，但我们并不了解支配野生鸟类新的和现有毒株的起源和种群动态的生态参数。新的证据表明，候鸟以外的禽类来源可能在1918年毁灭性的甲型H1N1流感病毒株的出现中发挥了作用。甲型流感的生态和分布以及禽类的免疫反应受到的关注很少，但这些领域的知识对于了解新出现的大流行病毒(如1918年毒株)的可能性至关重要。该项目的长期目标是了解遗传变异如何与环境变量相互作用，以影响具有跨物种传播能力的病毒株的潜在传播和出现。拟议工作的目的是确定感染阿拉斯加禽鸟物种的禽流感的来源(从阿拉斯加州立鱼类和野生动物管理局以及美国鱼类和野生动植物管理局的许可下获得的样本收集)，并确定导致影响病毒流行的特征差异(例如脱落和潜伏期)的禽类免疫反应的遗传因素。中心假设是，免疫反应的特征与出现新病毒株的相对潜力有关。该项目的目标将通过解决以下三个具体目标来实现并检验中心假设：目标1：确定A型流感在阿拉斯加的禽类和环境来源、分布和持久性。目的2：测定水禽对甲型流感的免疫应答。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Project Title (in full): Immunogenetics and the Functional Response of Avian Hosts to Type A Influenza Strains in Migratory Birds of Alaska Type A influenza virus infects avian species worldwide. Efforts aimed at surveillance of viral infection incidence and prevalence have been focused on migratory waterfowl and domestic poultry because of the devastating effects of highly pathogenic avian influenza substrains in poultry and the association of influenza with migratory game species. Recent information about the genome sequence of the virus enables higher throughput identification for prevalence of infection in wild populations and facilitates studies of viral pathogenicity in animal models. However, despite increasing knowledge of the virus itself, we do not understand the ecological parameters that govern the origin and population dynamics of new and existing strains in wild birds. New evidence suggests that avian sources other than migratory waterfowl might have played a role in emergence of the devastating 1918 H1N1 strain of type A influenza virus. The ecology and distribution of Type A influenza and the immune response of avian species have received little attention, but knowledge of these areas will be critical to understanding the potential for emerging pandemic virus such as the 1918 strain. The long term aim of this project is to understand how genetic variation interacts with environmental variables to affect the potential transmission and emergence of viral strains with the capacity for trans-species transmission. The objectives of the proposed work are to determine the sources of avian influenza that infect Alaskan bird species (from sample collections obtained under permits to Alaska State Fish and Game and the US Fish and Wildlife Service) and to determine the genetic factors of immune response in birds that are responsible for differences in characteristics (such as shedding and latency) that affect viral prevalence. The central hypothesis is that the character of immune response is related to the relative potential for emergence of novel viral strains. The objectives of this project will be addressed and the central hypothesis tested by addressing the following three specific aims: Aim 1: Identify avian and environmental sources, distribution, and persistence of Type A Influenza in Alaska. Aim 2: Determine the immune response of waterfowl to Type A Influenza.