IMMUNOGENETICS AND FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE TO TYPE A INFLUENZA STRAINS

本子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源的众多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者（PI）可能已经从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。列出的机构是中心的，不一定是研究者的机构。项目名称（全文）：阿拉斯加候鸟对A型流感病毒株的免疫遗传学和鸟类宿主的功能反应A型流感病毒感染世界各地的鸟类。由于高致病性禽流感亚株对家禽的破坏性影响以及流感与迁徙狩猎物种的关联，旨在监测病毒感染发病率和流行率的工作一直集中在迁徙水禽和家禽上。有关该病毒基因组序列的最新信息有助于提高对野生种群感染流行率的通量鉴定，并促进动物模型中病毒致病性的研究。然而，尽管对病毒本身的认识不断增加，但我们不了解控制野生鸟类中新毒株和现有毒株起源和种群动态的生态参数。新的证据表明，除迁徙水禽以外的其他鸟类来源可能在1918年破坏性的甲型H1N1流感病毒株的出现中发挥了作用。A型流感的生态和分布以及禽类物种的免疫反应很少受到关注，但对这些领域的了解对于了解新出现的大流行病毒（如1918年毒株）的可能性至关重要。该项目的长期目标是了解遗传变异如何与环境变量相互作用，从而影响具有跨物种传播能力的病毒株的潜在传播和出现。拟议工作的目标是确定感染阿拉斯加鸟类的禽流感的来源（从阿拉斯加州渔猎管理局和美国鱼类和野生动物管理局许可下获得的样本收集），并确定鸟类免疫反应的遗传因素，这些因素导致影响病毒流行的特征差异（如脱落和潜伏期）。中心假设是免疫反应的特征与新病毒株出现的相对潜力有关。将通过解决以下三个具体目标来实现该项目的目标并检验中心假设：目标1：确定阿拉斯加A型流感的禽类和环境来源、分布和持续时间。目的2：确定水禽对甲型流感的免疫反应。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Project Title (in full): Immunogenetics and the Functional Response of Avian Hosts to Type A Influenza Strains in Migratory Birds of Alaska Type A influenza virus infects avian species worldwide. Efforts aimed at surveillance of viral infection incidence and prevalence have been focused on migratory waterfowl and domestic poultry because of the devastating effects of highly pathogenic avian influenza substrains in poultry and the association of influenza with migratory game species. Recent information about the genome sequence of the virus enables higher throughput identification for prevalence of infection in wild populations and facilitates studies of viral pathogenicity in animal models. However, despite increasing knowledge of the virus itself, we do not understand the ecological parameters that govern the origin and population dynamics of new and existing strains in wild birds. New evidence suggests that avian sources other than migratory waterfowl might have played a role in emergence of the devastating 1918 H1N1 strain of type A influenza virus. The ecology and distribution of Type A influenza and the immune response of avian species have received little attention, but knowledge of these areas will be critical to understanding the potential for emerging pandemic virus such as the 1918 strain. The long term aim of this project is to understand how genetic variation interacts with environmental variables to affect the potential transmission and emergence of viral strains with the capacity for trans-species transmission. The objectives of the proposed work are to determine the sources of avian influenza that infect Alaskan bird species (from sample collections obtained under permits to Alaska State Fish and Game and the US Fish and Wildlife Service) and to determine the genetic factors of immune response in birds that are responsible for differences in characteristics (such as shedding and latency) that affect viral prevalence. The central hypothesis is that the character of immune response is related to the relative potential for emergence of novel viral strains. The objectives of this project will be addressed and the central hypothesis tested by addressing the following three specific aims: Aim 1: Identify avian and environmental sources, distribution, and persistence of Type A Influenza in Alaska. Aim 2: Determine the immune response of waterfowl to Type A Influenza.