INBRE-2 ECOLOGY OF AVIAN INFLUENZA ? EPIZOOTIOLOGY, MICROBIAL COMMUNITY ECOLOGY

INBRE-2 禽流感生态学？

• 批准号: 8167417
• 负责人: JONATHAN RUNSTADLER
• 金额: $ 7.09万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8167417
• 关键词: Animals; Asians; Avian Influenza; Biological; Birds; Cessation of life; Communities; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Ecology; Environment; Funding; Grant; Habitats; Human; Individual; Infection; Influenza; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Institution; Natural History; Population; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Source; Staging; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Virus; Virus Diseases; Work; World Health; epizootiology; influenzavirus; microbial community; migratory bird; pathogen; toxicant; transmission process; wild bird

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. In the last ten years influenza carried by birds has taken a worldwide stage as a zoonotic pathogen with potentially devastating effects on world health (Holmes et al., 2005). Migratory birds, implicated in the spread of Asian H5N1 influenza, cover vast distances twice a year, coming into contact with a wide range of habitats, many of them part of human habitats. While a great deal of work remains focused on common human subtypes of influenza which cause thousands of deaths worldwide each year, it is now realized that many of the common strains in humans and other animals may have derived from the vast pool of viruses circulating in wild birds. Unfortunately, despite years of surveillance in wild birds the scientific community understands very little about the natural history and ecology of infection and transmission in wild birds (Causey and Edwards, 2009). The ecology of the influenza virus encompasses a broad understanding in three realms: 1) the transmission of virus in space and time between individuals (epizootiology) 2) the biogeochemical environment in which the virus resides and 3) the host-pathogen interface (encompassing the dynamics of infection within the avian host). To understand the ecology of the virus in the natural world, we must understand the epizootiology of the virus in host populations (current focus of research). However, the epizootiology of influenza is likewise influenced directly by the dynamics of viral infection within the host. In the natural world, we expect the dynamic of infection could be strongly modified by the biological and biogeochemical environment of the host and the virus that gains entry to that host. In the natural world, the dynamics of infection in potential contact zones with humans includes the potential effects of co-infection with other zoonotic pathogens and with toxicants.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 在过去十年中，由鸟类携带的流感已经作为对世界健康具有潜在破坏性影响的人畜共患病原体而在世界范围内发展（Holmes等人，2005年）。与亚洲H5 N1流感传播有关的候鸟每年两次长途迁徙，接触到广泛的栖息地，其中许多是人类栖息地的一部分。 虽然大量的工作仍然集中在每年导致全世界数千人死亡的常见人类流感亚型上，但现在人们意识到，人类和其他动物中的许多常见毒株可能来自野生鸟类中传播的大量病毒。 不幸的是，尽管对野生鸟类进行了多年的监测，但科学界对野生鸟类感染和传播的自然历史和生态学知之甚少（Causey和Edwards，2009）。 流感病毒的生态学包括三个领域的广泛理解：1）病毒在个体之间的空间和时间传播（流行病学）2）病毒所在的生物化学环境和3）宿主-病原体界面（包括鸟类宿主内的感染动力学）。 为了了解病毒在自然界中的生态学，我们必须了解病毒在宿主种群中的流行病学（目前的研究重点）。 然而，流感的动物流行病学同样直接受到宿主内病毒感染动力学的影响。 在自然界中，我们预计感染的动态可能会受到宿主的生物和生物化学环境以及进入该宿主的病毒的强烈影响。 在自然界中，与人类潜在接触区的感染动态包括与其他人畜共患病原体和毒物共同感染的潜在影响。