Hormonal Influences on Neural/Behavioral Development

荷尔蒙对神经/行为发育的影响

• 批准号: 7499541
• 负责人: Melissa Hines
• 金额: $ 15.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-12-01 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7499541
• 关键词: Adrenal Glands; Age; Alcohols; Amniotic Fluid; Androgens; Animal Model; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Cocaine; Cognitive; Condition; Congenital adrenal hyperplasia; Contraceptive Agents; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Disease; Environment; Exposure to; Female; Feminine; Fertility; Fetus; Funding; Gender; Gender Identity; Gender Role; Gender identity disorder; General Population; Goals; Gonadal Hormones; Hormonal; Hormones; Human; Human Development; Individual; Individual Differences; Interview; Knowledge; Label; Measures; Mediating; Melissa; Methods; Mining; Modeling; Nature; Normal Range; Outcome; Participant; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Process; Production; Published Comment; Questionnaires; Range; Regression Analysis; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; Score; Sex Behavior; Stress; Suggestion; Testing; Testosterone; Thinking; Toxic Environmental Substances; Toy; boys; early childhood; experience; girls; interest; male; neurodevelopment; postnatal; preference; prenatal; programs; psychological outcomes; relating to nervous system; response; sex; social

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Influences of androgen on human neural-behavioral development will be evaluated by studying psychological outcomes in individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH: an autosomal recessive disorder causing increased adrenal androgen production beginning prenatally), as well as by relating normal variability in the prenatal hormone environment to postnatal behavior. 128 children with CAH (4-10 years) will be compared to 128 of their unaffected relatives in the same age range and to 128 demographically matched controls in regard to gender identity, gender constancy, social/cognitive processes involved in the acqusition of gender role behavior, and sex-typical toy, activity and playmate preferences. For 171 additional participants from the general population (who do not have CAH), testosterone in amniotic fluid will be related to postnatal behavior at the ages of 4 1/2, 5 1/2, and 6 1/2 years. Assessments of these children will be conducted using the same measures used to study individuals with CAH. Data will be collected by observation, interview and questionnaire, and cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches will be used. Hypotheses to be tested include: 1. Girls with CAH experience reduced feminine gender identity or are at increased risk for gender identity disorder; 2. High levels of androgen promote male-typical behavioral development in normal as well as abnormal situations; 3. Individual differences in gender role behavior are mediated by alterations in gender identity or in social/cognitive processes related to gender identity; 4. Alterations in gender identity in girls with CAH diminsh with age. The research will add to basic knowledge about the role of androgens in the development of human behavior, and will clarify the relevance to humans of animal models, where gonadal hormones have been found to influence basic processes of neural development and survival. In addition, the research will provide information on psychosexual outcomes in individuals with CAH, information which should prove relevant to other intersex conditions as well, and to other situations where fetuses are exposed to hormone-altering substances (e.g., "fertility" or contraceptive drugs, alcohol, cocaine, stress, environmental toxins). Finally, the research will further basic scientific understanding of the roles of hormones and social/cognitive processes in childrens acquisition of gender role behavior.

描述（由申请人提供）：雄激素对人类神经行为发育的影响将通过研究先天性肾上腺增生（CAH：一种常染色体隐性遗传疾病，导致产前肾上腺雄激素产生增加）个体的心理结局，以及通过将产前正常变异性 激素环境对产后行为的影响。将128名CAH儿童（4-10岁）与128名相同年龄范围的未受影响的亲属以及128名人口统计学匹配的对照进行比较，包括性别认同，性别恒定性，涉及性别角色行为获得的社会/认知过程，以及性别典型的玩具，活动和玩伴偏好。对于来自普通人群的171名额外参与者（未患有CAH）， 羊水中的睾酮与出生后4岁半、5岁半和6岁半的行为有关。对这些儿童的评估将采用与过去评估相同的方法， 研究CAH患者。本研究将透过观察、访谈、问卷调查等方式收集资料，并采用横断面与纵向研究方法。待检验的假设包括：1.患有CAH的女孩经历女性性别认同减少或性别认同障碍的风险增加; 2.高水平的雄激素促进男性典型的行为发育 在正常和异常情况下; 3.性别角色行为的个体差异是由性别认同或与性别认同相关的社会/认知过程的改变介导的; 4. CAH女孩性别认同的改变随年龄增长而减少。这项研究将增加关于雄激素在人类行为发展中作用的基本知识，并将澄清动物模型与人类的相关性，在动物模型中，性腺激素被发现影响神经发育和生存的基本过程。此外，研究 将提供有关CAH患者性心理结果的信息，这些信息也应该证明与其他双性条件以及胎儿 暴露于改变代谢的物质（例如，避孕药、酒精、可卡因、压力、环境毒素）。最后，本研究将进一步科学地理解激素和社会/认知过程在儿童获得性别角色行为中的作用。