The Immunogenetics of Macaques Used in Biodefense Research

描述（由申请人提供）：恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）和食蟹猴（Macaca fasciculis）被广泛用作人类疾病发病机制的模型，并用于评估针对微生物病原体（包括新出现的疾病和潜在的生物恐怖病原体）的疫苗和治疗方法。准确定量细胞免疫反应的能力有限，阻碍了解释这些研究结果的能力。该提案的重点是开发技术和工具来评估中国恒河猴和食蟹猴的细胞介导的免疫。我们的策略依赖于常见主要组织相容性 (MHC) I 类等位基因的鉴定，确定其肽结合基序，开发生物信息学工具来预测 MHC：肽相互作用，并通过鉴定拉沙病毒、马尔堡病毒和流感衍生表位来验证我们的方法。在具体目标 1 中，我们将为食蟹猴和中国恒河猴的 5 种常见 MHC I 类分子定义肽结合基序。可用于实验研究的动物群体中常见的 A 和 B 位点 MHC I 类等位基因频率数据将由合作者和内部生成的数据提供。将为所研究的五个最常表达的 MHC 等位基因中的每一个产生稳定的转染子，从而允许可溶性 MHC 的产生和纯化。然后我们将建立定量肽：MHC 肽结合测定并确定等位基因特异性 MHC 结合基序。该定量 MHC：肽结合数据将用于算法开发。在具体目标 2 中，我们将开发并向科学界提供 MHC：肽预测算法。通过特定目标 1 获得的大量结合数据将用于生成预测肽的 MHC 结合能力的算法。这些工具将允许快速预测任何感兴趣的 A-C 类病原体的潜在中国起源和食蟹猴表位。所有结合数据和算法将提交至免疫表位数据库，从而使这些工具免费提供给科学界。在具体目标 3 中，我们将在拉沙、马尔堡和流感病毒模型系统中通过实验验证我们的方法。我们将测试在特定目标 1 和 2 中进行的研究过程中鉴定的源自拉沙病毒、马尔堡病毒和流感病毒的表位的免疫原性。现在，由于计算算法质量的改进，我们的工作范围不仅包括拉沙病毒，还包括马尔堡病毒和流感病毒。这些研究将与合作者合作进行。这些实验将验证所开发的方法和工具，并确定可用于监测这些 A-C 病原体系统反应的表位。 项目叙述：恒河猴和食蟹猴被广泛用作人类疾病发病机制的模型，并用于评估针对微生物病原体（包括新出现的疾病和潜在的生物恐怖病原体）的疫苗和疗法。准确定量细胞免疫反应的能力有限，阻碍了解释这些研究结果的能力。该提案的重点是开发技术和工具来评估这些动物模型中细胞介导的免疫。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), are widely used as models of disease pathogenesis in humans and for evaluating vaccines and therapeutics against microbial pathogens, including emerging diseases and potential bioterror pathogens. The ability to interpret the results of these studies is hampered by a limited capacity to accurately quantitate their cellular immune responses. This proposal is focused on developing technology and tools to evaluate cell-mediated immunity in Chinese-origin rhesus macaques and Cynomolgus macaques. Our strategy relies on the identification of common major histocompatibility (MHC) class I alleles, determining their peptide binding motifs, developing bioinformatic tools to predict MHC:peptide interactions, and validating our approach by the identification of Lassa virus, Marburg virus and influenza-derived epitopes. In Specific Aim 1, we will define peptide binding motifs for five common MHC class I molecules each from Cynomolgus macaques and Chinese rhesus macaques. Common A and B loci MHC class I allele frequency data in animal cohorts available for use in experimental research will be provided by collaborators and data generated in-house. A stable transfectant will be produced for each of the five most frequently expressed MHC allele studied, allowing the production and purification of soluble MHC. We will then establish quantitative peptide:MHC peptide binding assays and determine allele specific MHC binding motifs. This quantitative MHC:peptide binding data will be used for algorithm development. In Specific Aim 2, we will develop and make MHC:peptide prediction algorithms available to the scientific community. The large amount of binding data obtained as a result of Specific Aim 1 will be utilized to generate algorithms to predict the MHC binding capacity of peptides. These tools will permit rapid predictions of potential Chinese-origin and Cynomolgus macaque epitopes from any Category A-C pathogen of interest. All binding data and algorithms will be submitted to the Immune Epitope Database, thereby making these tools freely available to the scientific community. In Specific Aim 3, we will experimentally validate our approach in the Lassa, Marburg and influenza virus model systems. We will test the immunogenicity of epitopes derived from Lassa, Marburg and influenza viruses identified in the course of the studies performed in Specific Aim 1 and 2. We now extended our efforts to encompass not only Lassa virus, as proposed in the original submission, but also Marburg and influenza viruses due to improvements in the quality of our computational algorithms. These studies will be performed in collaboration with collaborators. These experiments will validate the approach and tools developed and also identify epitopes that can be utilized to monitor responses in these A-C pathogen systems. Project Narrative: Rhesus macaques and Cynomolgus macaques are widely used as models of disease pathogenesis in humans and for evaluating vaccines and therapeutics against microbial pathogens, including emerging diseases and potential bioterror pathogens. The ability to interpret the results of these studies is hampered by a limited capacity to accurately quantitate their cellular immune responses. This proposal is focused on developing technology and tools to evaluate cell-mediated immunity in these animal models.