Identification of breast and ovarian tumour suppressor genes on chromosome 22 by functional complementation

通过功能互补鉴定22号染色体上的乳腺和卵巢肿瘤抑制基因

• 批准号: nhmrc : 288722
• 负责人: Prof Ian Campbell
• 金额: $ 16.62万
• 依托单位国家: 澳大利亚
• 项目类别: NHMRC Project Grants
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 澳大利亚
• 起止时间: 2004-01-01 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://researchdata.edu.au/identification-breast-ovarian-functional-complementation/97989
• 关键词: Identification; breast; ovarian; tumour; suppressor

Cancer is fundamentally a genetic disease that arises when errors (mutations) accumulate in genes involved in regulating how and when cells grow. An important class of gene involved in this process are the tumour suppressors whose primary function is to inhibit cell growth. It is widely believed that significant improvements in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer will only be achievable once we have a detailed understanding of how these genes work. It is likely that dozens of tumour suppressor genes exist in the human genome and of these only a small proportion have been identified. The aim of this study is to identify genes on human chromosome 22 that are involved in the development of breast and ovarian cancer. Genetic evidence from many investigators, including data from our own laboratory, has indicated that multiple tumour suppressor genes are present on human chromosome 22 but as yet none have been positively identified. Part of the difficulty in identifying these genes is that cancer cells often have a lot of genetic damage and it is hard to distinguish the important changes from background genetic noise'. To circumvent this problem we are using a functional cloning approach which identifies tumour suppressor genes by their ability to inhibit the growth of cancers cells grown in culture in the laboratory. Genes that are identified in this way will be evaluated for the presence of genetic mutations in real human cancers which will give us a better idea of their true significance in tumour development. In addition to enhancing our understanding of the process tumour development this project may identify new targets for anti-cancer therapies.

癌症基本上是一种遗传疾病，当涉及调节细胞生长方式和时间的基因发生错误（突变）时，就会出现这种疾病。参与这一过程的一类重要基因是肿瘤抑制因子，其主要功能是抑制细胞生长。人们普遍认为，只有当我们对这些基因的工作原理有了详细的了解后，癌症的治疗和诊断才能取得重大进展。人类基因组中可能存在数十种肿瘤抑制基因，其中只有一小部分已被确定。这项研究的目的是确定人类22号染色体上与乳腺癌和卵巢癌发展有关的基因。来自许多研究人员的遗传证据，包括我们自己实验室的数据，表明人类22号染色体上存在多种肿瘤抑制基因，但迄今为止还没有一个被确定。识别这些基因的部分困难在于癌细胞通常有很多遗传损伤，很难从背景遗传噪声中区分出重要的变化。”为了避免这个问题，我们正在使用一种功能性克隆方法，通过在实验室培养中抑制癌细胞生长的能力来识别肿瘤抑制基因。以这种方式识别的基因将被评估在真正的人类癌症中是否存在基因突变，这将使我们更好地了解它们在肿瘤发展中的真正意义。除了增强我们对肿瘤发展过程的理解外，该项目还可以确定抗癌治疗的新靶点。