Health and Safety Consequences of Sleep Loss

调查研究结果表明，美国成年人的平均睡眠时间不足。长期睡眠不足会导致事故和相关死亡、工作/学习成绩差以及健康状况不佳。在健康方面，睡眠时间短被认为会导致肥胖，然而，睡眠不足对导致肥胖的机制的影响却知之甚少。我们建议研究睡眠缺失期间24小时的能量消耗和能量平衡介质，以更好地理解睡眠缺失与肥胖风险增加的关系。本提案的具体目的是在一项为期11天的住院CTRC研究中确定慢性睡眠不足对人类认知功能、代谢和能量平衡的影响。拟议的研究通过测试以下具体假设，解决了NIH PA NUMBER: PA-07-140中概述的几个主题：1)长期睡眠不足会损害情绪。警觉性和表现水平；ii)长期睡眠不足会损害葡萄糖耐量，这种影响与胰岛素作用降低和交感神经系统（SNS）活动增加有关；3)长期睡眠不足会导致能量正平衡，促进体重增加。我们还将研究与睡眠缺失期间24小时能量平衡预期变化相关的生物介质。拟议的项目解决了2003年美国国立卫生研究院国家睡眠障碍研究中心研究计划中的几个最高建议，包括i)加强我们对睡眠减少或限制对行为、神经生物学和生理功能的影响的理解；Ii)描述慢性睡眠剥夺对非神经系统影响的过程和潜在机制；Iii)描述睡眠不足对降低安全性行为的影响。

Findings from survey studies indicate that the average American adult obtains an inadequate amount of sleep. Chronic sleep loss contributes to accidents and related deaths, poor job/school performance and poor health. In regards to health, short sleep duration has been hypothesized to contribute to the development of obesity however, the effects of sleep loss on mechanisms contributing to obesity are poorly understood. We propose to study 24 hour energy expenditure and mediators of energy balance during sleep loss to better understand the increased risk of obesity associated with sleep loss. The specific aims of this proposal are to determine the influence of chronic sleep loss on cognitive function, metabolism, and energy balance in humans tested in an 11 day inpatient CTRC study. The proposed research addresses several themes outlined in the NIH PA NUMBER: PA-07-140 by testing the following specific hypotheses: i) chronic sleep loss will impair mood. alertness and performance levels; ii) chronic sleep loss will impair glucose tolerance, an effect related to decreases in insulin action and increases in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity; iii) chronic sleep loss will lead to positive energy balance promoting weight gain. We will also examine biological mediators associated with expected alterations in 24 h energy balance during sleep loss. The proposed project addresses several of the highest recommendations for research in the 2003 NIH National Center on Sleep Disorders Research Plan including i) to enhance our understanding of the impact of reduced or restricted sleep on behavior, and neurobiologic and physiologic functions; ii) to delineate processes involved in and the mechanisms underlying the influence of chronic sleep deprivation on non-neural systems; iii) to delineate the effects of sleep loss on behaviors that diminish safety.