Metabolic and Cognitive Consequences of Sleep Loss

描述（由申请人提供）：慢性睡眠不足影响着数百万美国人。睡眠时间短与体重增加、肥胖、糖尿病、代谢综合征和事故的风险增加有关。目前尚不清楚周末恢复性睡眠的普遍和自我选择行为是否有助于防止睡眠不足对健康和安全的影响。此外，我们并不完全了解导致与睡眠不足相关的负面健康影响的生理和行为机制，也不完全了解这些生理系统发生变化的速度。因此，我们设计了一项为期14-16天的随机实验室临床和转化研究中心（CTRC）研究，使用全室量热法、高胰岛素/血糖钳和安全敏感认知测试来解决我们知识中的这些关键缺陷。拟议研究的阶段是由我们的NIH ARRA资助“睡眠不足的健康和安全后果”设定的，我们拟议的项目是这项研究工作的延续。该项目通过测试以下具体假设，解决了NIH PA NUMBER: PA-10-152“饮食组成和能量平衡”中概述的几个主题：i)长期睡眠不足将导致正能量平衡——一种有助于体重增加的生理状态，周末恢复睡眠将使能量平衡恢复到接近基线水平；Ii)长期睡眠不足会损害胰岛素敏感性，周末恢复性睡眠会使胰岛素敏感性恢复到接近基线水平；慢性睡眠不足会损害认知能力，周末恢复性睡眠将使表现水平恢复到接近基线的水平。本研究通过评估睡眠剥夺对宏量营养素消耗的影响以及饮食成分对睡眠不足生理反应的影响来响应PA-10-152。拟议的项目也符合美国国立卫生研究院国家睡眠障碍研究中心（NCSDR） 2003年计划中对未来研究的以下最高建议：i)加强对睡眠减少或限制对行为、神经生物学和生理功能的影响的理解；ii)慢性睡眠剥夺对非神经系统的潜在影响机制。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Chronic sleep loss affects millions of Americans. Short sleep schedules are associated with increased risk of weight gain, obesity, diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and accidents. It is unknown if the common and self- selected behavior of weekend recovery sleep helps to protect against the health and safety effects of sleep loss. Furthermore, we do not fully understand the physiological and behavioral mechanisms that contribute to the negative health effects associated with sleep loss nor do we fully understand the time course of how quickly changes in some of these physiological systems occur. Therefore, we have designed a randomized 14-16 day in- lab Clinical and Translational Research Center (CTRC) study that uses whole room calorimetric, hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamps and safety sensitive cognitive tests to address these critical deficiencies in our knowledge. The stage for the proposed research was set by our NIH ARRA grant "Heath and Safety Consequences of Sleep Loss" and our proposed project is a continuation of this research effort. The project addresses several themes outlined in NIH PA NUMBER: PA-10-152 "Diet Composition and Energy Balance" by testing the following specific hypotheses: i) chronic sleep loss will lead to positive energy balance-a physiological state contributing to weight gain and weekend recovery sleep will restore energy balance to near baseline levels; ii) chronic sleep loss will impair insulin sensitivity and weekend recovery sleep will restore insulin sensitivity to near baseline levels; iii) chronic sleep loss will impair cognition and weekend recovery sleep will restore performance levels to near baseline. This research effort is responsive to PA-10-152 by assessing effects of sleep deprivation on macronutrient consumption and effects of dietary composition on physiological responses to sleep loss. The proposed project also meets the following highest recommendations for future research in the NIH National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (NCSDR) 2003 plan: i) enhance understanding of the impact of reduced or restricted sleep on behavior, and neurobiologic and physiologic functions; and ii) mechanisms underlying aspects of chronic sleep deprivation on non-neural systems.