Project 9: Arsenic Uptake, Transport and Accumulation in Plants

项目 9：砷在植物中的吸收、运输和积累

• 批准号: 7792451
• 负责人: MARY LOU GUERINOT
• 金额: $ 27.21万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7792451
• 关键词: Affect; Animal Model; Arabidopsis; Arsenic; Arsenicals; Atlases; Biological; Candidate Disease Gene; Cereals; Chronic; Collaborations; Collection; Communities; Coupled; DNA Microarray Chip; DNA Shuffling; Data Set; Development; Dietary intake; Dose; Edible Plants; Elements; Fluorescence; Food; Food Supply; Funding; Gene Silencing; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Gossypium; Homeostasis; Human; Image; In Situ; Incidence; Inorganic Phosphate Transporter; Intake; Ions; Iron; Length; Link; Liquid substance; Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder; Maps; Marketing; Metabolism; Metals; Mining; Mouse-ear Cress; Mutation; Organ; Oryza sativa; Pesticides; Phase; Phenotype; Plant Extracts; Plant Genome; Plant Model; Plants; Population; Production; Proteins; Pteris; Publications; Quantitative Trait Loci; Recombinants; Research; Resistance; Resolution; Resources; Rice; Roentgen Rays; Role; Sampling; Screening procedure; Seeds; Soil; Source; Spectrum Analysis; Surveys; Synchrotrons; System; Techniques; Tissue Extracts; Tissues; Trace metal; Variant; Water; Work; Yeasts; absorption; base; drinking water; gene discovery; gene function; genetic analysis; in vivo; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; interest; mutant; oxidation; plant growth/development; prevent; programs; superfund site; tomography; tool; toxic metal; uptake; web site

This project aims to study the genetic control of arsenic (As) homeostasis in plants. This will enable the development of plants that can selectively exclude As from their tissues, preventing As accumulation in food crops and reducing human dietary intake of As. Arsenic is one of the primary metal(loid)s of concern at Superfund Sites and chronic low-dose exposure is linked to an increased incidence of bladder cancer. Dietary studies of As intake in humans show that after drinking water, white rice is the most significant source of inorganic As for humans. A market basket survey found higher As concentrations in U.S. grown rice than rice grown in the As-affected regions of the Bengal Delta. In U.S. rice, As is thought to have come from arsenical pesticides used in the production of cotton, but As input to soil comes from a variety of industrial sources. We aim to use Arabidopsis, rice and the As-hyperaccumulating brake fern as model plant systems. They represent two species with a completed genomic sequence; one of the most important staple food crops plants and an important dietary source of inorganic As for humans, and one of the few plant species with intrinsic As resistance. We propose to use an interdisciplinary approach that combines ionomic survey techniques, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and spatially resolved metal(loid) analysis and speciation via synchrotron x-ray microprobe (SXRM). The research strategy consists of gene discovery and gene characterization phases. For gene discovery, approaches include mining an existing dataset of elemental profiles of 4,000 yeast and 62,000 Arabidopsis samples for those with altered As phenotypes as well as examining natural accessions of Arabdiospis for differences in As accumulation. We will use highthroughput elemental analysis and DMA microarray-based mapping to identify genes that regulate As accumulation in rice, screening 1,790 rice accessions with the USDA's Rice Core Collection and examining QTLs for As in the Lemont X Teqing mapping population. We will use SXRM to investigate changes in the micron-scale metal(loid) distribution, abundance and/or speciation in plant tissue resulting from the deletion or silencing of selected genes of interest. This technique allowed successful characterization of gene function in a recent study of iron homeostasis. An important product of the gene characterization phase will be the online publication of an Elemental Atlas of Arabidopsis available to the wider scientific community.This proposed research expands the application of x-ray techniques beyond a spatially-resolved analytical technique into a tool for functionally characterizing ion homeostasis genes, as well as protecting human food supplies.

该项目旨在研究植物中砷（AS）稳态的遗传控制。这将使 开发可以选择性地排除在组织中的植物，以防止食物积累 农作物和减少人类饮食摄入量。砷是关注点的主要金属之一 超级基金部位和慢性低剂量暴露与膀胱癌的发生率增加有关。 人类AS摄入量的饮食研究表明，饮用水后，白米是最重要的 无机人物的来源。一项市场篮调查发现，随着美国种植的浓度的增加 大米比在孟加拉三角洲的受影响地区种植的米饭。在美国米饭中，人们认为 来自用于棉花生产的砷农药，但由于土壤的输入来自多种 工业来源。我们的目的是使用拟南芥，大米和hyperacculating Brake Fern作为模型植物 系统。它们代表具有完整基因组序列的两个物种。最重要的主食之一 食品作物植物和人类的重要饮食来源，也是少数几个植物之一 具有固有性的物种。我们建议使用一种结合离子组的跨学科方法 调查技术，定量性状基因座（QTL）映射和空间分辨金属（LIE）分析和 通过Synchrotron X射线微探针（SXRM）的形成。研究策略包括基因发现和 基因表征阶段。对于基因发现，方法包括挖掘现有的数据集 对于表型改变的人的4,000酵母和62,000个拟南芥样品的元素概况 以及检查阿拉伯植物的自然加入是否有AS积累的差异。我们将使用高通量 元素分析和基于DMA微阵列的映射，以识别调节的基因 在大米中积累，筛查1,790份大米的加入，并与USDA的大米核心收集和检查 qtls在lemont x teqing映射种群中。我们将使用SXRM调查 由于缺失而导致的植物组织中的微米级金属分布，丰度和/或物种形成 或沉默所关注的基因。该技术允许成功地表征基因 在最近对铁稳态的研究中的功能。基因表征阶段的重要产物将 成为更广泛科学的拟南芥元素图集的在线出版 社区。这项拟议的研究扩大了X射线技术的应用 分析技术，用于在功能上表征离子稳态基因的工具，并保护 人类食品供应。