Arsenic Uptake, Transport and Storage in Plants

砷在植物中的吸收、运输和储存

• 批准号: 8650448
• 负责人: MARY LOU GUERINOT
• 金额: $ 37.5万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8650448
• 关键词: Ablation; Affect; Angiosperms; Arabidopsis; Arsenates; Arsenic; Arsenites; Blood Vessels; Breeding; Candidate Disease Gene; Carcinogens; Cereals; Characteristics; Chemicals; Chromosome Mapping; Collection; Complement; Coupled; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Detection; Development; Diet; Edible Plants; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Elements; Eligibility Determination; Exposure to; Ferns; Floods; Fluorescence; Food; Funding; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Screening; Genetic Variation; Goals; Homeostasis; Human; Image; Lasers; Location; Maps; Mass Spectrum Analysis; Mercury; Metals; Microarray Analysis; Movement; Organ; Oryza sativa; Oxidoreductase; Pathway interactions; Pesticides; Phenotype; Plant Roots; Plant Sources; Plants; Plasma; Population; Problem Solving; Process; Production; Pteris; Quantitative Trait Loci; RNA Interference; Relative (related person); Resolution; Rice; Roentgen Rays; Seeds; Side; Silicon; Soil; Source; Spectrum Analysis; Synchrotrons; System; Techniques; Testing; Tissues; Transgenic Organisms; Variant; Vascular System; Work; absorption; abstracting; base; beamline; cost effective; early life exposure; genetic analysis; genome wide association study; improved; in vivo; innovation; loss of function; molecular marker; next generation sequencing; oxidation; plant growth/development; prevent; programs; research study; stem; submicron; tool; transcriptome sequencing; uptake

Project 1: Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa), a staple food for over half the world's population, represents a significant dietary source of inorganic arsenic (As), a non-threshold, class 1 human carcinogen. It is imperative that strategies to reduce grain As are developed, and establishing the mechanisms that enable As to reach and accumulate within the rice grain is key to this endeavor. This project will elucidate the genetic control of As homeostasis in plants to enable the development of plants that do not accumulate As. The first specific aim tests the hypothesis that genetic diversity in rice can be exploited to lower grain As levels by mapping genes in accessions known to vary in grain As content. The second aim asks more generally what genes are involved in transferring As to the grain and the third aim tests strategies to limit the movement of As to the shoot/grain based on information gained from study of rice, Arabidopsis and the As accumulating fern Pteris vittata. The long-term goal is to prevent As accumulation in the edible portion of rice grain, but the work will also potentially provide information on genes responsible for transporting As and other contaminant metal(loid)s into the tissues of other edible plant organs. In addition to identifying the causal loci, synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microanalysis (SXRF) will be used to precisely localize and speciate As in plants, an innovative approach that has been used successfully to examine seed loading of As.

项目1：摘要 大米 (Oryza sativa) 是世界一半以上人口的主食，是重要的膳食来源 无机砷 (As)，一种非阈值 1 类人类致癌物。制定减少风险的策略势在必行 开发晶粒As，建立As在晶粒内到达并积累的机制 稻米是这一努力的关键。该项目将阐明植物中砷稳态的遗传控制 使不累积砷的植物能够发育。第一个具体目标检验以下假设： 通过绘制已知水稻品种中的基因图谱，可以利用水稻的遗传多样性来降低谷物中砷的水平。 晶粒砷含量不同。第二个目标更普遍地询问哪些基因参与将 As 转移到 谷物和第三个目标测试基于信息限制 As 对芽/谷物运动的策略 是通过对水稻、拟南芥和积累砷的蕨类植物 Pteris vittata 的研究而获得的。长期目标是 防止砷在米粒可食用部分积累，但这项工作也可能提供信息 负责将砷和其他污染物金属（类）转运到其他可食用组织中的基因 植物器官。除了识别因果位点外，同步加速器 X 射线荧光微量分析 (SXRF) 将用于精确定位和物种化植物中的 As，这是一种已使用的创新方法 成功地检查了 As 的种子负载。