Project 9: Arsenic Uptake, Transport and Accumulation in Plants

项目 9：砷在植物中的吸收、运输和积累

• 批准号: 8376738
• 负责人: MARY LOU GUERINOT
• 金额: $ 29.16万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至 2014-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8376738
• 关键词: Affect; Animal Model; Arabidopsis; Arsenic; Arsenicals; Atlases; Biological; Candidate Disease Gene; Cereals; Chronic; Collaborations; Collection; Communities; Coupled; DNA Microarray Chip; DNA Shuffling; Data Set; Development; Diet; Dietary intake; Dose; Edible Plants; Elements; Fluorescence; Food; Food Supply; Funding; Gene Silencing; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Gossypium; Health Food; Homeostasis; Human; Image; In Situ; Inbreeding; Incidence; Inorganic Phosphate Transporter; Intake; Ions; Iron; Length; Link; Liquid substance; Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder; Maps; Marketing; Metabolism; Metals; Mining; Mouse-ear Cress; Mutation; Organ; Oryza sativa; Pesticides; Phase; Phenotype; Plant Extracts; Plant Genome; Plant Model; Plants; Population; Production; Proteins; Pteris; Publications; Quantitative Trait Loci; Recombinants; Research; Resistance; Resolution; Resources; Rice; Roentgen Rays; Role; Sampling; Screening procedure; Seeds; Soil; Source; Spectrum Analysis; Surveys; Synchrotrons; System; Techniques; Tissue Extracts; Tissues; Trace metal; Variant; Water; Work; Yeasts; absorption; base; drinking water; gene discovery; gene function; genetic analysis; in vivo; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; interest; mutant; oxidation; plant growth/development; prevent; programs; superfund site; tomography; tool; toxic metal; uptake; web site

This project aims to study the genetic control of arsenic (As) homeostasis in plants. This will enable the development of plants that can selectively exclude As from their tissues, preventing As accumulation in food crops and reducing human dietary intake of As. Arsenic is one of the primary metal(loid)s of concern at Superfund Sites and chronic low-dose exposure is linked to an increased incidence of bladder cancer. Dietary studies of As intake in humans show that after drinking water, white rice is the most significant source of inorganic As for humans. A market basket survey found higher As concentrations in U.S. grown rice than rice grown in the As-affected regions of the Bengal Delta. In U.S. rice, As is thought to have come from arsenical pesticides used in the production of cotton, but As input to soil comes from a variety of industrial sources. We aim to use Arabidopsis, rice and the As-hyperaccumulating brake fern as model plant systems. They represent two species with a completed genomic sequence; one of the most important staple food crops plants and an important dietary source of inorganic As for humans, and one of the few plant species with intrinsic As resistance. We propose to use an interdisciplinary approach that combines ionomic survey techniques, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and spatially resolved metal(loid) analysis and speciation via synchrotron x-ray microprobe (SXRM). The research strategy consists of gene discovery and gene characterization phases. For gene discovery, approaches include mining an existing dataset of elemental profiles of 4,000 yeast and 62,000 Arabidopsis samples for those with altered As phenotypes as well as examining natural accessions of Arabdiospis for differences in As accumulation. We will use highthroughput elemental analysis and DMA microarray-based mapping to identify genes that regulate As accumulation in rice, screening 1,790 rice accessions with the USDA's Rice Core Collection and examining QTLs for As in the Lemont X Teqing mapping population. We will use SXRM to investigate changes in the micron-scale metal(loid) distribution, abundance and/or speciation in plant tissue resulting from the deletion or silencing of selected genes of interest. This technique allowed successful characterization of gene function in a recent study of iron homeostasis. An important product of the gene characterization phase will be the online publication of an Elemental Atlas of Arabidopsis available to the wider scientific community.This proposed research expands the application of x-ray techniques beyond a spatially-resolved analytical technique into a tool for functionally characterizing ion homeostasis genes, as well as protecting human food supplies.

该项目旨在研究植物砷（As）稳态的遗传控制。这将使 开发能够选择性地将砷从其组织中排除的植物，从而防止食物中砷的积累 作物和减少人类饮食中砷的摄入量。砷是人们关注的主要金属之一 超级基金站点和长期低剂量暴露与膀胱癌发病率增加有关。 人类砷摄入量的膳食研究表明，继饮用水之后，白米是最重要的 人类无机砷的来源。一项市场篮子调查发现，随着美国集中度的提高， 水稻产量高于孟加拉三角洲受灾地区种植的水稻。在美国大米中，人们认为已经出现了 来自棉花生产中使用的含砷农药，但土壤的输入来自各种 工业来源。我们的目标是使用拟南芥、水稻和超积累蕨类植物作为模型植物 系统。它们代表了两个具有完整基因组序列的物种；最重要的主食之一 粮食作物和植物是人类重要的无机膳食来源，也是为数不多的植物之一 具有内在砷抗性的物种。我们建议使用跨学科方法，结合离子学 调查技术、数量性状基因座 (QTL) 作图和空间分辨金属（类）分析和 通过同步加速器 X 射线微探针 (SXRM) 进行形态形成。研究策略包括基因发现和 基因表征阶段。对于基因发现，方法包括挖掘现有的数据集 4,000 个酵母和 62,000 个拟南芥样品的元素概况，其中 As 表型发生改变 以及检查拟南芥的自然种质中砷积累的差异。我们将使用高吞吐量 元素分析和基于 DMA 微阵列的作图来识别调节 As 的基因 水稻中的积累，利用美国农业部的水稻核心收藏品筛选了 1,790 个水稻品种并进行了检验 乐蒙 X 特青作图群体中 As 的 QTL。我们将使用 SXRM 来调查 由于缺失而导致植物组织中微米级金属（类）分布、丰度和/或物种形成 或沉默选定的感兴趣基因。该技术成功地表征了基因 最近一项铁稳态研究中的功能。基因表征阶段的重要产物将 成为可供更广泛的科学界使用的拟南芥元素图谱的在线出版物 这项研究将 X 射线技术的应用扩展到空间分辨技术之外 分析技术成为功能表征离子稳态基因以及保护离子稳态基因的工具 人类食品供应。