The Genetic basis of Natural Ionomic Variation

自然离子组变异的遗传基础

• 批准号: 8460148
• 负责人: MARY LOU GUERINOT
• 金额: $ 32.45万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8460148
• 关键词: Agriculture; Alleles; Attention; Automobile Driving; BTAF1 gene; Biochemical; Bioinformatics; Biotechnology; Chemistry; Chromosome Mapping; Cloning; Collection; Coupled; DNA; Developing Countries; Disease; Ecology; Environment; Epigenetic Process; Food; Future; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Models; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Genotype; Geographic Distribution; Goals; Haplotypes; Health; Human; Investigation; Iron; Laboratories; Link; Macronutrients Nutrition; Maintenance; Maps; Marines; Mass Spectrum Analysis; Methylation; MicroRNAs; Micronutrients; Minerals; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Biology; Molecular Genetics; Mouse-ear Cress; Nutrient; Organism; Phenotype; Physiological; Planet Mars; Plants; Plasma; Population; Population Genetics; Process; Property; Quantitative Trait Loci; RNA Interference; Recombinants; Regulation; Research; Resources; Role; Site; Small Interfering RNA; Solutions; Source; Spain; Surface; Sweden; Testing; Trace Elements; Transact; Transgenic Organisms; Variant; Zinc; base; climate change; cost; density; design; fitness; follow-up; gene function; genetic linkage; genome wide association study; improved; innovation; insight; interest; international health organization; life history; nutrition; positional cloning; public health relevance; research study; response; sample fixation; soil sampling; tool; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant).Evolutionary forces are known to drive the fixation of locally adaptive genetic variation within populations, and such variation is thought to be involved in the differential response to disease and pharmacological agents observed in human populations. Natural variation is well documented in plants, and plants provide an excellent model for investigations into its genetic origins, maintenance and adaptive significance. We aim to take advantage of the natural genetic variation that occurs between populations of the genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to identify gene functions that vary between these natural populations. Such a set of polymorphic genes and gene functions will provide the essential tools required to uncover the genetic mechanisms that drive the fixation of locally adaptive genetic variation within a population. To link natural genetic variation to function, we have applied high-throughput Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) based elemental-profiling platform, in combination with genome-wide association mapping and traditional linkage mapping to reveal loci that drive natural variation in the plant's elemental- profile or "ionome" including P, Ca, K, Mg (macronutrients); Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Co, Ni, Se, Mo, I (micronutrients of significance to plant and human health); Na, As, and Cd (minerals causing agricultural or environmental problems). Using a combination of laboratory and field-based experiments we propose to uncover the adaptive benefit and evolutionary significance of these naturally occurring polymorphic ionomic loci, along with their molecular function, and underlying causal genetic and epigenetic basis. This information will help determine the evolutionary processes involved in adaptation of organisms to local environments. Such insights will help in predicting the extent and limits of possible future adaptations of plants to changes in the surface chemistry of the Earth driven by a changing global climate, and will have applications to optimizing the mineral content of food crops for improved human health. After all, plants provide the major source of nutrition for a large portion of the world's population. Relevance Mineral nutrient deficiencies, such as iron and zinc, remain worldwide health concerns. Biofortification of food crops based on our research offers a sustainable, low-cost solution to this problem. Indeed, biofortification was recently ranked in the top 10 biotechnologies for improving health in developing countries.

描述（由申请人提供）。众所周知，进化力量会驱动群体内局部适应性遗传变异的固定，并且这种变异被认为涉及在人群中观察到的对疾病和药物制剂的差异反应。植物中的自然变异已得到充分记录，植物为研究其遗传起源、维持和适应性意义提供了极好的模型。我们的目标是利用遗传模型植物拟南芥种群之间发生的自然遗传变异来识别这些自然种群之间差异的基因功能。这样一组多态性基因和基因功能将提供揭示驱动群体内局部适应性遗传变异固定的遗传机制所需的基本工具。为了将自然遗传变异与功能联系起来，我们应用了基于高通量电感耦合等离子体质谱 (ICP-MS) 的元素分析平台，结合全基因组关联图谱和传统连锁图谱，揭示了驱动植物元素图谱或“离子组”自然变化的位点，包括 P、Ca、K、Mg（常量营养素）； Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Co、Ni、Se、Mo、I（对植物和人类健康具有重要意义的微量营养素）； Na、As 和 Cd（造成农业或环境问题的矿物质）。通过结合实验室和现场实验，我们建议揭示这些自然发生的多态性离子组基因座的适应性益处和进化意义，以及它们的分子功能，以及潜在的因果遗传和表观遗传基础。这些信息将有助于确定生物体适应当地环境的进化过程。这些见解将有助于预测植物未来可能适应全球气候变化引起的地球表面化学变化的程度和限制，并将应用于优化粮食作物的矿物质含量以改善人类健康。毕竟，植物为世界上很大一部分人口提供了主要的营养来源。相关性 铁和锌等矿物质营养缺乏仍然是全球健康问题。基于我们研究的粮食作物生物强化为这一问题提供了可持续、低成本的解决方案。事实上，生物强化最近被列为改善发展中国家健康的十大生物技术之一。