Project 9: Arsenic Uptake, Transport and Accumulation in Plants

项目 9：砷在植物中的吸收、运输和积累

• 批准号: 8056105
• 负责人: MARY LOU GUERINOT
• 金额: $ 27.44万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8056105
• 关键词: Affect; Animal Model; Arabidopsis; Arsenic; Arsenicals; Atlases; Candidate Disease Gene; Cereals; Chronic; Collaborations; Collection; Communities; Coupled; DNA Microarray Chip; DNA Shuffling; Data Set; Development; Dietary intake; Dose; Edible Plants; Elements; Fluorescence; Food; Food Supply; Funding; Gene Silencing; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Gossypium; Homeostasis; Human; Image; In Situ; Incidence; Inorganic Phosphate Transporter; Intake; Ions; Iron; Length; Link; Liquid substance; Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder; Maps; Marketing; Metabolism; Metals; Mining; Mouse-ear Cress; Mutation; Organ; Oryza sativa; Pesticides; Phase; Phenotype; Plant Extracts; Plant Genome; Plant Model; Plants; Population; Production; Proteins; Pteris; Publications; Quantitative Trait Loci; Recombinants; Research; Resistance; Resolution; Resources; Rice; Roentgen Rays; Role; Sampling; Screening procedure; Seeds; Soil; Source; Spectrum Analysis; Surveys; Synchrotrons; System; Techniques; Tissue Extracts; Tissues; Trace metal; Variant; Water; Work; Yeasts; absorption; base; drinking water; gene discovery; gene function; genetic analysis; in vivo; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; interest; mutant; oxidation; plant growth/development; prevent; programs; superfund site; tomography; tool; toxic metal; uptake; web site

This project aims to study the genetic control of arsenic (As) homeostasis in plants. This will enable the development of plants that can selectively exclude As from their tissues, preventing As accumulation in food crops and reducing human dietary intake of As. Arsenic is one of the primary metal(loid)s of concern at Superfund Sites and chronic low-dose exposure is linked to an increased incidence of bladder cancer. Dietary studies of As intake in humans show that after drinking water, white rice is the most significant source of inorganic As for humans. A market basket survey found higher As concentrations in U.S. grown rice than rice grown in the As-affected regions of the Bengal Delta. In U.S. rice, As is thought to have come from arsenical pesticides used in the production of cotton, but As input to soil comes from a variety of industrial sources. We aim to use Arabidopsis, rice and the As-hyperaccumulating brake fern as model plant systems. They represent two species with a completed genomic sequence; one of the most important staple food crops plants and an important dietary source of inorganic As for humans, and one of the few plant species with intrinsic As resistance. We propose to use an interdisciplinary approach that combines ionomic survey techniques, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and spatially resolved metal(loid) analysis and speciation via synchrotron x-ray microprobe (SXRM). The research strategy consists of gene discovery and gene characterization phases. For gene discovery, approaches include mining an existing dataset of elemental profiles of 4,000 yeast and 62,000 Arabidopsis samples for those with altered As phenotypes as well as examining natural accessions of Arabdiospis for differences in As accumulation. We will use highthroughput elemental analysis and DMA microarray-based mapping to identify genes that regulate As accumulation in rice, screening 1,790 rice accessions with the USDA's Rice Core Collection and examining QTLs for As in the Lemont X Teqing mapping population. We will use SXRM to investigate changes in the micron-scale metal(loid) distribution, abundance and/or speciation in plant tissue resulting from the deletion or silencing of selected genes of interest. This technique allowed successful characterization of gene function in a recent study of iron homeostasis. An important product of the gene characterization phase will be the online publication of an Elemental Atlas of Arabidopsis available to the wider scientific community.This proposed research expands the application of x-ray techniques beyond a spatially-resolved analytical technique into a tool for functionally characterizing ion homeostasis genes, as well as protecting human food supplies.

本项目旨在研究植物砷稳态的遗传调控。这将使 发展能够选择性地将砷从其组织中排除的植物，防止砷在食物中积累 农作物和减少人类膳食中As的摄入量。砷是人们关注的主要金属之一， 超级基金站点和慢性低剂量暴露与膀胱癌发病率增加有关。 人体砷摄入量的膳食研究表明，饮水后，白色大米是最显著的 人体无机砷的来源。一项市场篮子调查发现，美国的砷浓度上升 种植在孟加拉三角洲受砷影响地区的水稻。在美国的大米中， 棉花生产中使用的砷杀虫剂，但土壤中的砷来自各种 工业来源。我们的目标是以拟南芥、水稻和砷超积累的蕨类植物为模式植物 系统.它们代表了两个物种的完整的基因组序列;其中一个最重要的主食 粮食作物植物和重要的膳食来源的无机砷为人类，和少数植物之一， 具有内在抗As性的物种。我们建议使用跨学科的方法， 调查技术，数量性状基因座（QTL）定位和空间分辨金属（loid）分析， 通过同步加速器X射线微探针（SXRM）进行物种形成。研究策略包括基因发现和 基因特征化阶段。对于基因发现，方法包括挖掘基因的现有数据集。 4，000个酵母和62，000个拟南芥样品的元素谱，对于那些具有改变的As表型的样品， 以及检查自然加入的阿拉伯盾蚧在As积累的差异。我们将使用高吞吐量 元素分析和基于DMA微阵列的定位以鉴定调节As的基因 在水稻中的积累，筛选1,790个水稻种质与美国农业部的水稻核心收集和检查 Lemont ×特青作图群体中砷的QTL定位。我们将使用SXRM来调查 由缺失产生的植物组织中的微米级金属（类金属）分布、丰度和/或物种形成 或沉默所选的感兴趣基因。该技术能够成功表征基因 在最近的铁稳态研究中，基因表征阶段的一个重要产品将 是一个拟南芥元素图谱的在线出版物，可供更广泛的科学 这项拟议的研究扩展了X射线技术的应用，超越了空间分辨的 分析技术转化为一种工具，用于功能性地表征离子稳态基因， 人类食物供应。