Behavioral And Environmental Risk Factors For Childhood Drowning

本研究采用病例对照设计，评估游泳课程、游泳能力等风险或保护因素与溺水风险之间的关系。关于儿童溺水风险和保护因素的信息将为设计未来的干预措施提供宝贵的指导，以防止这些悲惨的死亡。主要研究假设解决了游泳课程与1至4岁儿童溺水风险之间的关系，而次要假设解决了年龄较大的儿童溺水的风险和保护因素。对溺水者的父母或监护人以及同龄对照者的父母或监护人进行了访谈。研究人员还对14-19岁的青少年进行了简短的访谈。访谈的问题包括接触水、游泳能力、参加游泳课程以及其他一些可能影响溺水风险的因素。

This study utilizes a case-control design to evaluate the relation between swimming lessons, swimming ability, and other risk or protective factors on the one hand, and the risk of drowning on the other. Information about risk and protective factors for childhood drownings will provide valuable guidance for the design of future interventions to prevent these tragic deaths. The primary study hypothesis addresses the association between swimming lessons and the risk of drowning among children ages 1 to 4 years, while secondary hypotheses address risk and protective factors for drowning among older children. Parents or guardians of drowning victims and parents/guardians of age-matched controls were interviewed. A short interview was also conducted with adolescent controls, aged 14-19 years. Interviews included questions regarding exposure to water, swimming ability, participation in swimming lessons, and a number of other factors that might influence the risk of drowning. Cases were identified from 19 Medical Examiners/Coroners offices in 6 states. Matched controls were identified through random-digit dialing. In the 1-4 year age group interviews were conducted with 61 families of drowning victims and 134 matched controls. A manuscript is currently under review. A manuscript reporting perceptions of case families with respect to participation in a study interview was published in May of 2007 in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. The final study results demonstrated that 1-4 year old children who drowned were less likely than control children to have received formal swimming lessons. The adjusted odds ratio was 0.12 (0.01-0.97), suggesting that if causal, formal swimming lessons might reduce the risk of drowning in pre-school aged children by 88%.