Neurophysiologic, Performance And Subjective Effects Of

进行了几项临床研究，以确定与吸烟和戒烟有关的客观和主观措施。这些研究的结果被应用于开发治疗尼古丁戒断的药物测试的范例。神经生理学数据表明，尼古丁作用于涉及注意力、认知和记忆的神经底物。例如，研究了中枢作用的尼古丁拮抗剂甲乙胺的作用，以确定紧张性胆碱能机制对吸烟者和非吸烟者的脑电和认知任务的贡献。无烟烟草产品和一种新开发的脱烟卷烟的效果研究已经完成。在一个正在进行的项目中，在间隔吸烟的范例中，将不提供尼古丁的香烟的影响与安慰剂香烟进行了比较。在另一项研究中，评估了去烟化香烟在快速吸烟过程中的效果。对吸烟和戒烟的效应和吸引力的遗传机制进行了研究。这些研究有助于了解尼古丁成瘾的机制，对于开发更有效的治疗尼古丁依赖和戒断的药物也具有实用价值。建议的研究包括估计Nurr1基因在吸烟行为中的作用。对替代烟草和尼古丁递送产品(如水烟)的进一步研究正在进行中。还在开发一种新的烟草暴露测试，方法是测量烟头中的沙利尼索。

Several clinical studies are performed to determine objective and subjective measures associated with smoking and tobacco withdrawal. The results of these studies are applied to develop paradigms for testing of drugs for the treatment of nicotine withdrawal. Neurophysiologic data indicate that nicotine acts on neural substrates involved in attention, cognition and memory. For example, the effects of mecamylamine, a centrally acting nicotinic antagonist is studied to determine the contribution of tonic cholinergic mechanisms on the EEG and cognitive tasks in smokers and nonsmokers. Studies on the effects of smokeless tobacco products, and a newly developed denicotinized cigarette are completed. In an ongoing project, the effects of cigarettes that do not deliver nicotine were compared to placebo cigarettes in a spaced-smoking paradigm. In another study, the effects of the denicotinized cigarettes in a rapid smoking procedure are evaluated. Genetic mechanisms involved in the effect and appeal of cigarette smoking and tobacco withdrawal are investigated. These studies contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms of nicotine addiction and are also of practical value in the development of more effective medications for treating nicotine dependence and withdrawal. Proposed studies include estimating the role of the Nurr1 gene in cigarette smoking behavior. Further studies with alternative tobacco and nicotine delivery products such as hookah smoking are in development. Also being developed is a new test for tobacco exposure by measures of salinisol in cigarette butts.