Emotions are emergent events constrained by affective and conceptual processes.

情绪状态对身心健康至关重要。NIH投资 在情感研究方面有着巨大的资源，其中大部分用于动物模型。 具有讽刺意味的是，这项研究是由一个基于人类的科学范式指导的。 体验.人们经历恐惧，并在别人身上看到恐惧，所以科学家们假设， 必须是哺乳动物大脑中的一个字面（模块化）神经回路。老鼠冻僵了 当他们听到一个音调与脚电击配对，所以他们被认为是在一个状态， 恐惧（相对于惊讶，愤怒，甚至是一般的警报状态）和经历？恐惧 学习。？科学家们还推测， 将产生一种神经机制，这种机制在很大程度上保留在人类身上， 的神经影像学研究集中在定位一个同源的神经回路中， 人脑 在过去的五年里，我一直在追查这件事的根源？天然的？模型， 进行了全面的文献审查，以检查其准确性，并发现它 Wanting（Barrett，2006 a）. 1作为回应，我建立了一个新的系统级模型， 被称为概念行为模型，基于人类大脑的神经解剖学。我 模型简约地结合了来自大鼠、灵长类动物和 人类，并解释了产生的范围和各种行为的机制， 和内省的例子情感？（Barrett，B，c; Barrett，Mesquita， Ochsner，& Gross，2007; Barrett，Ochsner，& Gross，2007;邓肯& Barrett，2007）。 概念行为模型提出了不同的问题？也许更好？关于什么的问题 情绪是什么以及它们如何在精神和身体健康中发挥作用。国家卫生研究院院长？S 先锋奖将使我的智力自由和资源，以继续建设 情感的概念行为模型的证据，从而塑造了一个新的范式， 引导情绪的科学研究。

Emotional states are central to mental and physical health. NIH invests tremendous resources in research on emotion, much of it devoted to animal models. Ironically, this research is guided by a scientific paradigm that is grounded in human experience. People experience fear and see it in others, so scientists assume there must be a literal (modular) neural circuit for fear in the mammalian brain. Rats freeze when they hear a tone paired with a foot shock, so they are presumed to be in a state of fear (versus surprise, anger, or even a general state of alarm) and undergoing ?fear learning.? Scientists also presume that a map of the neural circuitry of freezing behavior will yield a neural mechanism for fear that is largely preserved in humans, and a decade of neuroimaging studies have focused on locating a homologous neural circuit in the human brain. In the last five years, I have traced the roots of this ?natural kind? model, conducted a comprehensive review of the literature to examine its veracity, and found it wanting (Barrett, 2006a).1 In response, I have fashioned a new systems-level model, called the Conceptual Act Model, grounded in the neuroanatomy of the human brain. My model parsimoniously incorporates neuroscience findings from rats, primates, and humans, and explains the mechanisms that produce the range and variety of behavioral and introspective instances that we call ?emotion? (Barrett, b, c; Barrett, Mesquita, Ochsner, & Gross, 2007; Barrett, Ochsner, & Gross, 2007; Duncan & Barrett, 2007). The Conceptual Act Model asks different ? and perhaps better ? questions about what emotions are and how they function in mental and physical health. The NIH Director?s Pioneer Award will allow me the intellectual freedom and resources to continue building evidence for the Conceptual Act Model of emotion, thereby shaping a new paradigm to guide the scientific study of emotion.