Emotions are emergent events constrained by affective and conceptual processes.

情绪状态是心理和身体健康的核心。美国国立卫生研究院投资 情感研究方面的巨大资源，其中大部分都致力于动物模型。 具有讽刺意味的是，这项研究是由一种植根于人类的科学范式指导的 经验。人们会感受到恐惧，也会在别人身上看到恐惧，所以科学家认为 一定是哺乳动物大脑中用于恐惧的字面(模块化)神经回路。大鼠冻僵了 当他们听到伴随着脚部电击的音调时，他们被推定为处于 恐惧(相对于惊讶、愤怒，甚至是一般的惊慌状态)和正在经历的恐惧？ 学习。？科学家还推测，冻结行为的神经回路图 将产生一种恐惧的神经机制，这种机制在人类中基本上保留了下来，并持续了十年 神经成像研究的重点是在大脑中定位相应的神经回路。 人脑。在过去的五年里，我一直在追寻这种？天然的？模特， 对文献进行了全面的审查，以检查其真实性，并发现 想要(Barrett，2006a)1作为回应，我创造了一个新的系统级模型， 被称为概念行为模型，以人脑的神经解剖学为基础。我的 模型简约地结合了来自大鼠、灵长类动物和 人类，并解释了产生行为范围和变化的机制 以及我们称之为情感的反省实例？(巴雷特，b，c；巴雷特，梅斯基塔， Ochsner，&Gross，2007；Barrett，Ochsner，&Gross，2007；Duncan&Barrett，2007)。 概念行为模型提出了不同的要求？或许更好呢？关于什么的问题 情绪在心理和身体健康中的作用和作用。美国国立卫生研究院院长S 先锋奖将让我有知识的自由和资源来继续建设 情感的概念行为模型的证据，从而塑造了一种新的范式 引导科学研究情绪。

Emotional states are central to mental and physical health. NIH invests tremendous resources in research on emotion, much of it devoted to animal models. Ironically, this research is guided by a scientific paradigm that is grounded in human experience. People experience fear and see it in others, so scientists assume there must be a literal (modular) neural circuit for fear in the mammalian brain. Rats freeze when they hear a tone paired with a foot shock, so they are presumed to be in a state of fear (versus surprise, anger, or even a general state of alarm) and undergoing ?fear learning.? Scientists also presume that a map of the neural circuitry of freezing behavior will yield a neural mechanism for fear that is largely preserved in humans, and a decade of neuroimaging studies have focused on locating a homologous neural circuit in the human brain. In the last five years, I have traced the roots of this ?natural kind? model, conducted a comprehensive review of the literature to examine its veracity, and found it wanting (Barrett, 2006a).1 In response, I have fashioned a new systems-level model, called the Conceptual Act Model, grounded in the neuroanatomy of the human brain. My model parsimoniously incorporates neuroscience findings from rats, primates, and humans, and explains the mechanisms that produce the range and variety of behavioral and introspective instances that we call ?emotion? (Barrett, b, c; Barrett, Mesquita, Ochsner, & Gross, 2007; Barrett, Ochsner, & Gross, 2007; Duncan & Barrett, 2007). The Conceptual Act Model asks different ? and perhaps better ? questions about what emotions are and how they function in mental and physical health. The NIH Director?s Pioneer Award will allow me the intellectual freedom and resources to continue building evidence for the Conceptual Act Model of emotion, thereby shaping a new paradigm to guide the scientific study of emotion.