Research on inhalation toxicology of environmental chemicals

关键词吸入暴露;口咽吸引术;臭氧;脂多糖;高氧;五氧化二钒;博莱霉素，肺功能;卵清蛋白、香烟烟雾、双乙酰、2，3-戊二酮、苯。 呼吸毒理学小组（RTOX）对人类接触的主要途径是吸入的化学品进行研究。通过内部研究合同在NIEHS吸入设施进行吸入研究。研究工作的方向是了解吸入化学品毒性的生化和分子机制。研究的设计和实施是为了向国家毒理学计划（NTP）和校内研究部（Division of Intramural Research）提供支持。研究活动通过对吸入剂量测定和毒性机制进行专门研究，并为需要吸入接触的研究提供快速反应能力，为国家结核方案赞助的吸入研究提供支持。近年来的研究工作包括人工黄油调味成分吸入引起的闭塞性细支气管炎、磷化铟颗粒引起胸膜纤维化的机制、吸入羰基硫引起的脑损伤。 RTOX小组通过提供进行吸入暴露和肺功能测量的专业知识和能力来支持生物医学科学家。RTOX活动包括开发吸入暴露技术和调查肺病的模型。目前RTOX对转基因小鼠研究人员的支持包括为转基因小鼠提供动物护理和维护，吸入臭氧、高氧、内毒素、香烟烟雾和卵清蛋白。为口咽抽吸研究和肺功能变化的测量提供了额外的支持。

Keywords inhalation exposure; oropharyngeal aspiration; ozone; lipopolysaccharide; hyperoxia; vanadium pentoxide; bleomycin, pulmonary function; ovalbumin, cigarette smoke, diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, benzene. The Respiratory Toxicology Group (RTOX) conducts studies of chemicals for which inhalation is the primary route of human exposure. Inhalation studies are conducted at the NIEHS inhalation facility through an in-house research contract. Research efforts are directed toward understanding the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of toxicity of inhaled chemicals. Studies are designed and conducted to provide support to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and the Division of Intramural Research (DIR). Research activities provide support for NTP-sponsored inhalation studies by conducting special studies on inhalation dosimetry and mechanisms of toxicity, and by providing a quick response capability for studies requiring inhalation exposure. Recent work includes studies of bronchiolitis obliterans caused by inhalation of artificial butter flavoring components, mechanisms of pleural fibrosis caused of indium phosphide particulate, brain lesions caused by inhaled carbonyl sulfide. The RTOX group supports DIR scientists by providing expertise and capability for conducting inhalation exposures and pulmonary function measurements. RTOX activities include the development of inhalation exposure technology, and models for investigating pulmonary disease. Current RTOX support for DIR investigators includes providing animal care and maintenance for genetically-modified mice, inhalation exposures to ozone, hyperoxia, endotoxin, cigarette smoke and ovalbumin. Additional support is provided for oropharyngeal aspiration studies and in measurement of pulmonary function changes.