MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE NEUROTRANSMITTER GABA AND GLUTAMATE IN VIVO

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和谷氨酸是大脑的两种主要神经递质。 中枢神经系统(CNS)的紊乱和几种药物也会改变它们的水平 作用于中枢神经系统(CNS)通过改变GABA和谷氨酸来调节其效应 级别。因此，GABA和谷氨酸可作为诊断、治疗和治疗的替代标志物。 治疗效果评价。衡量地区GABA变化的现有方法和 人体中的谷氨酸包括正电子发射断层扫描(PET)、单光子发射 断层扫描(SPECT)和磁共振波谱(MRS)。正电子对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的缺点 SPECT分辨率低，辐射暴露，限制了其在功能研究中的应用。 另一方面，MRS能够在体内检测GABA和谷氨酸，但需要复杂的 光谱编辑技术，空间和时间分辨率有限。在这个项目中，我们是 开发一种新的无创、无放射性和高分辨率的脑成像方法 GABA和谷氨酸利用化学交换饱和转移(CEST)效应 氨基丁酸和谷氨酸上的胺质子基团。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Glutamate are the two major neurotransmitters of the brain. Their levels are also altered by disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and several drugs acting on the central nervous system (CNS) mediate their effects by changing GABA and Glutamate levels. Hence, GABA and Glutamate serve as surrogate markers for diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. Existing approaches for measuring regional changes in GABA and Glutamate in humans include positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). The shortcomings of PET and SPECT are low resolution and radiation exposure, which limits applicability to functional studies. MRS on the other hand is able to detect GABA and Glutamate in-vivo, but requires complicated spectral editing techniques and has limited spatial and temporal resolution. In this project, we are developing a novel, noninvasive, nonradioactive and high resolution approach for imaging brain GABA and Glutamate exploiting chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effect from the amine proton groups on GABA and glutamate.