Psychosocial Predictors of Mental and Physical Health: HIV

心理和身体健康的社会心理预测因素：艾滋病毒

• 批准号: 8335777
• 负责人: Susan Resnick
• 金额: $ 8.65万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8335777
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Age; Area; Biological; Blood Cell Count; Brain; Communities; Discipline; Disease Progression; Future; General Population; Goals; HIV; Health; Impulsivity; Individual Differences; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Laboratories; Life; Linear Models; Link; Measures; Mental Health; Neurotic Disorders; Obesity; Outcome; Participant; Perception; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Personality Traits; Probability; Psyche structure; Research; Research Personnel; Risk Behaviors; Role; Sampling; Spirituality; Vulnerable Populations; age group; expectation; inflammatory marker; interest; peer; physical conditioning; psychologic; psychosocial; resilience; satisfaction; stressor; trait; trend

As researchers seek to understand individual differences in peoples psychological resilience to life stressors, personality traits have emerged as important predictors of sustained well-being in the face of adversity. Most research on personality traits has been conducted in healthy, well-adjusted samples and little is known about vulnerable populations. We are interested in traits that characterize people living with HIV, and compare them to the general population. We are interested in subjective health perceptions and vulnerabilities. In a recent study we examined the influence of personality traits on mean levels and age trends in four single-item measures of self-rated health: General rating, comparison to age peers, comparison to past health, and expectations for future health. Community-dwelling participants (N=1,683) completed 7,474 self-rated health assessments over a period of up to 19-years. In hierarchical linear modeling analyses, age-associated declines differed across the four health items. Across age groups, high neuroticism and low conscientiousness, low extraversion, and low openness were associated with worse health ratings, with notable differences across the four health items. Furthermore, high neuroticism predicted steeper declines in health ratings involving temporal comparisons. We consider theoretical implications regarding the mechanisms behind associations among personality traits and self-rated health In separate studies we have examined the role of personality in inflammation, and we found that high neuroticism and low conscientiousness are related to IL-6, CRP, and withe blood cell counts. This research highlight the relation of psychological traits with inflammatory markers and are relevant to disease progression.

随着研究人员试图了解人们对生活压力的心理弹性的个体差异，人格特质已经成为面对逆境时持续幸福的重要预测因素。大多数关于人格特质的研究都是在健康的、经过良好调整的样本中进行的，对弱势群体知之甚少。我们对艾滋病毒感染者的特征感兴趣，并将他们与普通人群进行比较。 我们感兴趣的是主观的健康感知和脆弱性。在最近的一项研究中，我们研究了人格特质对自评健康的四个单项指标的平均水平和年龄趋势的影响：一般评分，与同龄人的比较，与过去健康的比较，以及对未来健康的期望。社区居住参与者（N= 1，683）在长达19年的时间内完成了7，474项自测健康评估。在分层线性模型分析中，年龄相关的下降在四个健康项目中有所不同。在各个年龄组中，高神经质和低开放性，低外向性和低开放性与更差的健康评级相关，在四个健康项目中存在显着差异。此外，高度神经质预测涉及时间比较的健康评级会急剧下降。我们认为理论上的影响，背后的机制之间的关联人格特质和自我评价的健康 在独立的研究中，我们检查了性格在炎症中的作用，我们发现高神经质和低神经质与IL-6，CRP和血细胞计数有关。这项研究强调了心理特征与炎症标志物的关系，并与疾病进展有关。