Basic Research In Personality: Cross-Cultural Research

人格基础研究：跨文化研究

• 批准号: 8552325
• 负责人: Susan Resnick
• 金额: $ 26.31万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8552325
• 关键词: 17 year old; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; American; Attitude; Basic Science; Behavior; Belief; Competence; Country; Dimensions; Elderly; Family; Female; Gender; Health; Impulsivity; Income; Laboratories; Measures; Mental Health; Minor; Nature; Outcome; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Personality Assessment; Personality Development; Personality Traits; Personality inventories; Property; Psychometrics; Publishing; Questionnaires; Research; Role; Sampling; Social Perception; Stereotyping; Stress; Variant; age group; coping; design; informant; male; member; theories; trait; university student

Previous research in this Laboratory has examined personality profiles of cultures obtained by averaging traits assessed in samples of college students and adults. We have extended this line of research by examining ratings of 12 to 17 years old in 24 cultures. Observer ratings of adolescents were obtained using the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO-PI-3), a more readable version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), which showed good psychometric properties across cultures. Aggregate scores were generalizable across age and gender and showed convergence with culture-level scores from previous studies of self-reports and observer ratings of adults. Non-Western cultures tend to score slightly lower on a dimension related to Extraversion. Further, aggregate scores of adolescent ratings were unrelated to national character stereotypes, consistent with previous research that challenge the accuracy of these widely shared beliefs. The multinational study includes systematic assessments of personality stereotypes of age groups and genders as well as nations. Personality stereotypes of age and gender groups were assessed in each of the 26 cultures (N = 3,323) using the National Character Stereotypes measure, which includes items for each of the 30 facets included in the NEO-PI-3. Participants rated either males or females in the age groups adolescent, adult, and old in their own country. We compared assessed personality stereotypes of different age groups with previously published self-reported and observer-rated personality at each of the age groups. Across cultures, adolescents were seen as impulsive, rebellious, undisciplined, preferring excitement and novelty, whereas old people were consistently considered lower on impulsivity, activity, antagonism, and Openness. Results showed that stereotypes of age groups were remarkably accurate, with only minor variability, though personal stereotypes of any particular rater were less accurate than the aggregate stereotype of each age group. This pattern of findings suggests that the formation of age stereotypes may have culture-neutral origins. In the assessment of National Character Stereotypes, participants were asked to rate the personality of the typical member of their culture, as well as the typical personality of Americans. Across cultures, the rating of Americans warmth and competence was systematically related to the rater cultures GDP, such that wealthier countries rated Americans as more warm and less competent. Results were similar when raters own family income is used as the predictor. Findings were consistent with theories on the dimensions of social perception.

本实验室之前的研究通过对大学生和成年人样本的平均特征进行评估，研究了不同文化的性格特征。我们通过对24种文化中12到17岁的青少年进行评分，扩展了这一研究范围。使用NEO- pi -3 （NEO- pi -3）对青少年进行观察评分，NEO- pi -3是NEO- pi - r的修订版本，可读性更强，显示出良好的跨文化心理测量特性。总体得分可以跨越年龄和性别，并与先前对成年人自我报告和观察者评分的研究中得出的文化水平得分趋同。非西方文化倾向于在与外向性相关的维度上得分稍低。此外，青少年评分的总得分与民族性格刻板印象无关，这与之前的研究一致，这些研究挑战了这些广泛共享的信念的准确性。

项目成果

Internal consistency, retest reliability, and their implications for personality scale validity.

• DOI: 10.1177/1088868310366253
• 发表时间: 2011-02
• 期刊: Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc
• 作者: McCrae RR;Kurtz JE;Yamagata S;Terracciano A
• 通讯作者: Terracciano A

Rater Wealth Predicts Perceptions of Outgroup Competence.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2011.08.001
• 发表时间: 2011-12
• 期刊: Journal of research in personality
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Chan W;McCrae RR;Rogers DL;Weimer AA;Greenberg DM;Terracciano A
• 通讯作者: Terracciano A

Perceptions of aging across 26 cultures and their culture-level associates.

• DOI: 10.1037/a0016901
• 发表时间: 2009-12
• 期刊: PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Loeckenhoff, Corinna E.;De Fruyt, Filip;Terracciano, Antonio;McCrae, Robert R.;De Bolle, Marleen;Costa, Paul T., Jr.;Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E.;Ahn, Chang-kyu;Ahn, Hyun-nie;Alcalay, Lidia;Allik, Juri;Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.;Barbaranelli, Claudio;Benet-Martinez, Veronica;Blatny, Marek;Bratko, Denis;Cain, Thomas R.;Crawford, Jarret T.;Lima, Margarida P.;Fickova, Emilia;Gheorghiu, Mirona;Halberstadt, Jamin;Hrebickova, Martina;Jussim, Lee;Klinkosz, Waldemar;Knezevic, Goran;Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora;Martin, Thomas A.;Marusic, Iris;Mastor, Khairul Anwar;Miramontez, Daniel R.;Nakazato, Katsuharu;Nansubuga, Florence;Pramila, V. S.;Realo, Anu;Rolland, Jean-Pierre;Rossier, Jerome;Schmidt, Vanina;Sekowski, Andrzej;Shakespeare-Finch, Jane;Shimonaka, Yoshiko;Simonetti, Franco;Siuta, Jerzy;Smith, Peter B.;Szmigielska, Barbara;Wang, Lei;Yamaguchi, Mami;Yik, Michelle
• 通讯作者: Yik, Michelle

Substance and artifact in the higher-order factors of the Big Five

• DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.2.442
• 发表时间: 2008-08-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
• 影响因子: 7.6
• 作者: McCrae, Robert R.;Yamagata, Shinji;Spinath, Frank M.
• 通讯作者: Spinath, Frank M.

Assessing the universal structure of personality in early adolescence: The NEO-PI-R and NEO-PI-3 in 24 cultures.

• DOI: 10.1177/1073191109333760
• 发表时间: 2009-09
• 期刊: Assessment
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: De Fruyt F;De Bolle M;McCrae RR;Terracciano A;Costa PT Jr;Collaborators of the Adolescent Personality Profiles of Cultures Project
• 通讯作者: Collaborators of the Adolescent Personality Profiles of Cultures Project