Cognitive Neuroscience Investigations Of Human Frontal Lobes

人类额叶的认知神经科学研究

• 批准号: 8342205
• 负责人: Alan Koretsky
• 金额: $ 28.96万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8342205
• 关键词: Accounting; Adaptive Behaviors; Aggressive behavior; Anterior; Architecture; Area; Behavior; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain region; Categories; Characteristics; Cognitive; Controlled Study; Data; Development Plans; Failure; Familiarity; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Location; Maps; Modeling; Molecular; Neuronal Plasticity; Patients; Performance; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Rewards; Specific qualifier value; Speed; System; Techniques; Testing; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; cost; frontal lobe; healthy volunteer; injured; interest; multitask; neuroimaging; social; social cognition

The Section focuses its research on the functions of the human prefrontal cortex and cognitive neuroplasticity. We continue to refine a model developed in the Section that specifies some of the characteristics of the prefrontal cortex's underlying cognitive architecture and representational knowledge. We have determined that ease of access to knowledge stored in the prefrontal cortex is determined by the category and familiarity of that knowledge. In addition, failure to selectively retrieve such knowledge leads to impaired plan development and/or execution. Activating knowledge stored in prefrontal cortex allows that knowledge to manage information that has to be kept temporarily active. Social and non-social knowledge may be distinctively stored in the prefrontal cortex. Access to such knowledge helps modulate more primitive behaviors such as aggression. In an effort to better understand some aspects of cognitive neuroplasticity, we have examined the learning rate of patients recovering from brain damage and with deficits on the task of interest and compared their performance to matched controls. There is some indication that patients can show new learning in deficit areas but it is not clear that if new learning is without a cost to preserved cognitive functions. The section also utilizes positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), Direct Current Polarization (DCp) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to map planning processes, representational knowledge, reasoning processes, social cognition, reward systems, number processing and calculation to brain. For example, we have determined with fMRI the importance of the anterior prefrontal cortex for multitasking, task-switching, and adaptive behavior. We have used rTMS to facilitate the speed of analogical reasoning in healthy normal control subjects possibly providing a framework to use rTMS to aid rehabilitation of brain-injured patients. The Section utilizes data from normal control studies, patient studies, functional neuroimaging, and rTMS to provide convergent evidence about the functions of the human prefrontal cortex and cognitive neuroplasticity.

该科的研究重点是人类前额叶皮层的功能和认知神经可塑性。我们将继续完善本节中开发的模型，该模型指定了前额叶皮层潜在认知结构和表征知识的一些特征。我们已经确定，获取储存在前额叶皮层的知识的难易程度是由知识的类别和熟悉程度决定的。此外，未能有选择地检索这些知识将导致计划开发和/或执行受损。激活储存在前额叶皮层的知识可以让这些知识管理那些必须暂时保持活跃的信息。社会知识和非社会知识可能以不同的方式储存在前额皮质中。获得这些知识有助于调节更原始的行为，如侵略。为了更好地理解认知神经可塑性的某些方面，我们检查了从脑损伤和兴趣任务缺陷中恢复的患者的学习率，并将他们的表现与匹配的对照组进行了比较。有一些迹象表明，患者可以在缺陷区域表现出新的学习能力，但尚不清楚新的学习能力是否会以保留认知功能为代价。该部分还利用正电子发射断层扫描（PET）、功能磁共振成像（fMRI）、直流极化（DCp）和经颅磁刺激（rTMS）将规划过程、表征知识、推理过程、社会认知、奖励系统、数字处理和计算映射到大脑。例如，我们已经用功能磁共振成像确定了前额叶前部皮层在多任务处理、任务切换和适应性行为中的重要性。我们已经使用rTMS来促进健康正常对照受试者的类比推理速度，可能为使用rTMS来帮助脑损伤患者康复提供一个框架。本部分利用来自正常对照研究、患者研究、功能性神经成像和rTMS的数据，提供关于人类前额叶皮层功能和认知神经可塑性的趋同证据。

项目成果

The frontopolar cortex mediates event knowledge complexity: a parametric functional MRI study.

• DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e32832e7ea5
• 发表时间: 2009-08-05
• 期刊: Neuroreport
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Krueger F;Spampinato MV;Barbey AK;Huey ED;Morland T;Grafman J
• 通讯作者: Grafman J

Posttraumatic stress disorder: the role of medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala.

• DOI: 10.1177/1073858409333072
• 发表时间: 2009-10
• 期刊: The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry
• 作者: Koenigs M;Grafman J
• 通讯作者: Grafman J

Selective functional integration between anterior temporal and distinct fronto-mesolimbic regions during guilt and indignation.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.038
• 发表时间: 2010-10-01
• 期刊: NEUROIMAGE
• 影响因子: 5.7
• 作者: Green, Sophie;Ralph, Matthew A. Lambon;Moll, Jorge;Stamatakis, Emmanuel A.;Grafman, Jordan;Zahn, Roland
• 通讯作者: Zahn, Roland

Developmental effects of aggressive behavior in male adolescents assessed with structural and functional brain imaging.

• DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsp036
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: Social cognitive and affective neuroscience
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Maren Strenziok;F. Krueger;A. Heinecke;R. Lenroot;K. Knutson;Elke van der Meer;J. Grafman

Individualism, conservatism, and radicalism as criteria for processing political beliefs: a parametric fMRI study.

个人主义、保守主义和激进主义作为处理政治信仰的标准：参数化功能磁共振成像研究。

• DOI: 10.1080/17470910902860308
• 发表时间: 2009
• 期刊: Social neuroscience
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: Zamboni,Giovanna;Gozzi,Marta;Krueger,Frank;Duhamel,Jean-Rene;Sirigu,Angela;Grafman,Jordan
• 通讯作者: Grafman,Jordan