Neurobiological Reactivity, Allostatic Load and Depression in Mexican Youth

墨西哥青少年的神经生物学反应、稳态负荷和抑郁症

• 批准号: 8387904
• 负责人: Amanda E Guyer
• 金额: $ 59.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-06 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8387904
• 关键词: 15 year old; 16 year old; 19 year old; Acute; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; California; Chronic; Clinical; Cognitive; Commit; Communities; Comorbidity; Cues; Data; Data Collection; Depressed mood; Depressive disorder; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Economics; Epidemiology; Ethnic group; Face; Family; Female; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Funding; Gender; Healthcare; Hormones; Hyperactive behavior; Incentives; Knowledge; Latino; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Major Depressive Disorder; Measures; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Mexican; Minority; Minority Groups; Modeling; Mood Disorders; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neurobiology; Neurotic Disorders; Pattern; Personality; Physiological; Physiology; Population; Predisposition; Prevalence; Prevention program; Preventive Intervention; Process; Psychopathology; Psychophysiology; Race; Recruitment Activity; Request for Proposals; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Sex Characteristics; Social Environment; Source; Stress; Symptoms; System; Testing; Time; Variant; Workload; Youth; allostatic load; base; biopsychosocial; contextual factors; depressive symptoms; disability; ethnic minority population; experience; flexibility; high risk; indexing; intervention program; model development; neurobiological mechanism; prospective; psychosocial; racial and ethnic; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; social; social stress; stressor; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal requests funds to examine allostatic load as a potential mechanism in the development of depression in Mexican-origin adolescents. Allostatic load is the loss of flexibility in how physiological systems respond to stressful experiences. High levels of allostatic load have been identified in Mexican origin adults who experience economic, familial, workload, and acculturative stress, yet allostatic load has not been examined from a dynamic, multi-systemic or longitudinal perspective in this ethnic group. Because adolescence increases the risk for the development of depression, longitudinal data are needed to understand how allostatic load and depression change over time in Mexican-origin youth, who 1) are among the largest ethnic minority group in the US, 2) face high risk for depression, and 3) experience high levels of stress. A comprehensive assessment of dynamic, multi-systemic neurobiological reactivity to incentives and social stressors, two symptom-specific contexts, is proposed to assess allostatic load. Our proposed study will add these assessments to an existing, ongoing longitudinal study of the development of psychopathology and adjustment in 673 adolescents of Mexican origin (California Families Project [CFP]; 2R01DA017902-06; Contact PI: R. Conger). From this larger sample, we will identify 250 youths (50% female) with elevated risk for depression based on symptom counts and neuroticism at age 15 years. At ages 16 and 18 years, these selected youth will complete functional magnetic resonance imaging scans while adrenocortical, immunological and autonomic psychophysiological data are collected simultaneously. We expect that high neurobiological reactivity to social stressors and low reactivity to incentives will relate to high levels of depression symptoms in Mexican-origin adolescents. We also hypothesize that neurobiological reactivity will be a more effective index of allostatic load in adolescence than a more traditional additive measure of allostatic load using elevated static measures of physiology. Importantly, by integrating the proposed study and the existing CFP study, we will capitalize on the extensive available data on risk and protective factors (e.g., cognitive, personality, behavioral, contextual and cultural) offered by the CFP. These data on risk and protective factors will support proposed analyses based on biopsychosocial models of the development of depression in Mexican-origin adolescents. We will examine allostatic load as a mediator and a moderator of associations among risk and protective social-contextual factors and changes in depression. Results of the study are expected to inform the development of more effective and culturally sensitive prevention programs for an important, growing and understudied population. The existence of the ongoing CFP study (through 2015) by Dr. Conger and colleagues, with a committed and representative community sample of Mexican origin families, makes this proposal feasible. The timing of the proposal is critical, as youths will be 16 years old when the start of neurobiologica data collection is planned. Consequently, this will be one of the only prospective longitudinal studies of allostatic load as a mechanism of the development of depression in Mexican-origin adolescents. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We propose to examine allostatic load as a mechanism in the development of depression in Mexican-origin adolescents. We will examine (a) the synergistic activity of the brain, hormones, and body that contribute to changes in allostatic load and changes in depression and (b) the relationships among allostatic load, stressful experiences, and depression in Mexican-origin adolescents. The knowledge generated by this project will be important for informing the development of more effective prevention and intervention programs that promote resilience against depression in this population.

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案申请资金，以研究在墨西哥裔青少年中适应负荷作为抑郁症发展的潜在机制。适应负荷是生理系统对压力经历的反应中灵活性的丧失。高水平的适应负荷已经在墨西哥裔成年人中被发现，他们经历了经济、家庭、工作量和异文化压力，但适应负荷尚未从该种族群体的动态、多系统或纵向角度进行研究。由于青春期增加了患抑郁症的风险，因此需要纵向数据来了解墨西哥裔青年的适应负荷和抑郁症是如何随时间变化的，他们是1)美国最大的少数民族群体之一，2)面临抑郁症的高风险，3)经历高水平的压力。一个动态的，多系统的神经生物学反应的综合评估，以激励和社会压力源，两个症状特异性的背景下，建议评估适应负荷。我们提出的研究将这些评估添加到现有的，正在进行的对673名墨西哥裔青少年的精神病理发展和适应的纵向研究中（California Families Project [CFP]; 2R01DA017902-06; Contact PI: R. Conger）。从这个更大的样本中，我们将根据症状计数和15岁时的神经质程度确定250名抑郁症风险升高的年轻人（50%为女性）。在16岁和18岁时，这些被选中的年轻人将完成功能性磁共振成像扫描，同时收集肾上腺皮质、免疫和自主心理生理数据。我们预计，对社会压力源的高神经生物学反应性和对激励的低反应性将与墨西哥裔青少年的高水平抑郁症状有关。我们还假设，神经生物学反应性将是青少年适应负荷的一个更有效的指标，而不是更传统的使用升高的生理静态测量的适应负荷的附加测量。重要的是，通过整合拟议的研究和现有的CFP研究，我们将充分利用有关风险和保护因素（例如，认知、个性、行为、环境）的广泛可用数据