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The Developmental Origins of Cerebral Cortical Expansion in Evolution & Disorder

进化中大脑皮层扩张的发育起源

基本信息

批准号：
8470098
负责人：
Christine J Charvet
金额：
$ 5.22万
依托单位：
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-04-07 至 2014-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One aim of the present proposal is to determine how evolution altered development to endow primates with an expanded cerebral cortex and a reduced limbic system (e.g., the olfactory bulb, septum, amygdala) compared with other mammals (e.g. rodents). Previous work has shown that cortical neurogenesis is protracted whereas neurogenesis in the limbic system is advanced in primates compared with rodents. However, these findings do not preclude the possibility that events prior to neurogenesis onset account for adult variations in the size of the cortex and limbic system across species. The expanded cerebral cortex and reduced limbic system of primates might emerge before neurogenesis begins. Specifically, I will test whether the expansion of the cerebral cortex in primates is due to changes in brain patterning and/or cell cycle kinetics. Another major aim of the present proposal is to use structural magnetic resonance imaging to examine the variation in brain region size of humans in adulthood. Compared with evolutionarily stable structures, structures with increased variability between species may also be more variable within a species. Individual variation likely comes with benefits (e.g., adaptive changes) as well as costs. For example, the abnormally large frontal cortex found in patients with autism may be indicative of an extreme end of a natural range. Understanding the developmental mechanisms that underlie the expansion of the brain in primates and its natural variation will enhance our understanding of the basic principles underlying adaptive and mal-adaptive changes in development.

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案的一个目的是确定进化如何改变发育以赋予灵长类动物扩展的大脑皮层和减少的边缘系统（例如，嗅球、隔膜、杏仁核）与其他哺乳动物（如啮齿动物）相比。先前的研究表明，与啮齿类动物相比，灵长类动物的皮质神经发生是延长的，而边缘系统的神经发生是先进的。然而，这些研究结果并不排除神经发生发生前的事件解释了不同物种之间大脑皮层和边缘系统大小的成年差异的可能性。灵长类大脑皮质的扩张和边缘系统的缩小可能在神经发生开始之前就已经出现。具体来说，我将测试灵长类动物大脑皮层的扩张是否是由于大脑模式和/或细胞周期动力学的变化。本提案的另一个主要目的是使用结构磁共振成像来检查成年人大脑区域大小的变化。与进化稳定的结构相比，物种间变异性增加的结构在物种内也可能更易变。个体差异可能带来好处（例如，适应性变化）以及成本。例如，在自闭症患者中发现的异常大的额叶皮质可能表明自然范围的极端。了解灵长类动物大脑扩张的发育机制及其自然变异将增强我们对发育中适应性和适应不良变化的基本原理的理解。