The role of the mitochondrial GTP cycle in insulin secretion

线粒体 GTP 循环在胰岛素分泌中的作用

• 批准号: 8519118
• 负责人: Richard G Kibbey
• 金额: $ 34.95万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8519118
• 关键词: Address; Cells; Citric Acid Cycle; Co-Immunoprecipitations; Complex; Cytosol; Data; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Ensure; Environment; Enzymes; Failure; Gel Chromatography; Gene Silencing; Glucose; Grant; Guanosine Triphosphate; Homeostasis; Hydrolysis; Hyperglycemia; In Vitro; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lead; Liver; Metabolic; Metabolism; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Matrix; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Target; Mouse Strains; Mus; Oxaloacetates; Pancreas; Pathway interactions; Phenotype; Phosphoenolpyruvate; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase; Physiological; Physiology; Protein Isoforms; Proteins; Publishing; Pyruvate; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Pyruvate Kinase; Rattus; Regulation; Role; Second Messenger Systems; Series; Signal Transduction; Succinate-CoA Ligases; Techniques; Testing; Tetanus Helper Peptide; Transgenic Mice; Work; base; blood glucose regulation; design; glucose metabolism; in vivo; innovation; insight; insulin secretion; insulin signaling; islet; mouse model; new therapeutic target; prevent; protein complex; second messenger; sensor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Failure of ¿-cells to secrete adequate insulin is essential for the development of diabetes mellitus. The long- term objectives of this grant are to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of ¿-cell glucose sensing by the mitochondrial GTP (mtGTP) cycle. This grant builds on our recent studies demonstrating a key role for mtGTP directly synthesized by the TCA cycle by the GTP-specific isoform of the enzyme succinyl CoA synthetase (SCS-GTP) as a sensor of glucose metabolism. The mtGTP is trapped within the mitochondria and must convert anaplerotic metabolites into PEP by the GTP-dependent mitochondrial isoform of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-M) that then transmits the signal to the cytosol. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of this important signal and its role in the normal physiology of insulin secretion in vivo is the focus of this grant. Specifically it will assess the role of the mtGTP cycle by: 1) using two newly generated strains of mice with the inducible ¿-cell specific expression of SCS-GTP or SCS-ATP to study the impact of mtGTP synthesis on insulin secretion in vivo, 2) characterize the functional interaction of a complex formed by PEPCK-M and SCS-GTP, and 3) using a series of molecular short-circuits and leaks to assess the role of each of the components of the mtGTP cycle in insulin secretion. Based on strong preliminary data for all three aims that support an essential role for the mtGTP cycle in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, it is anticipated that the results of these studies will lead to important new paradigm shifting insights into the function of pancreatic ¿-cells that will lead to the rational development of novel therapeutic targets for either augmenting insulin secretion or preventing ¿-cell failure.

描述（由申请人提供）： β细胞无法分泌足够的胰岛素对于糖尿病的发展至关重要。该资助的长期目标是阐明线粒体 GTP (mtGTP) 循环检测 ¿-细胞葡萄糖的细胞机制。这项资助建立在我们最近的研究基础上，该研究证明 mtGTP 通过 TCA 循环直接由琥珀酰辅酶 A 合成酶 (SCS-GTP) 的 GTP 特异性异构体直接合成，作为葡萄糖代谢的传感器。 mtGTP 被捕获在线粒体内，必须通过磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶 (PEPCK-M) 的 GTP 依赖性线粒体亚型将回补代谢物转化为 PEP，然后将信号传递至胞质溶胶。因此，了解这一重要信号的机制及其在体内胰岛素分泌正常生理学中的作用是本次资助的重点。具体来说，它将通过以下方式评估 mtGTP 循环的作用：1) 使用两种新产生的具有 SCS-GTP 或 SCS-ATP 的可诱导 ¿-细胞特异性表达的小鼠品系来研究 mtGTP 合成对体内胰岛素分泌的影响，2) 表征由 PEPCK-M 和 SCS-GTP 形成的复合物的功能相互作用，以及 3) 使用一系列分子 短路和泄漏以评估 mtGTP 循环的每个组成部分在胰岛素分泌中的作用。基于所有三个目标的强有力的初步数据，这些数据支持 mtGTP 循环在葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌调节中的重要作用，预计这些研究的结果将导致对胰腺 kan 细胞功能的重要新范式转变见解，这将导致合理开发新的治疗靶点，以增强胰岛素分泌或预防 kan 细胞 失败。