Memory in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment

阿尔茨海默病和轻度认知障碍中的记忆

• 批准号: 8542161
• 负责人: Andrew Budson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VA BOSTON HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-10-01 至 2017-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8542161
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Alzheimer' s Disease; Amnestic States; Assisted Living Facilities; Communities; Confusion; Dependence; Disease; Elderly; Event-Related Potentials; Familiarity; Family; Functional disorder; Future; Hearing; Instruction; Intervention; Laboratory Finding; Life; Measures; Memory; Memory Loss; Memory impairment; Monitor; Pathology; Patients; Perception; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Reporting; Retrieval; Services; Source; Supermarket; Testing; Veterans; Work; base; behavior measurement; design; heuristics; improved; mild cognitive impairment; older patient; public health relevance; research study; response; statistics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the pre-Alzheimer's state of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) live alone in the community. Memory dysfunction is the hallmark of AD and aMCI, and when their memory is sufficiently impaired, patients with these disorders will need to be provided with additional services, live with family, or move to an assisted living facility. Although memory dysfunction has been related with AD for over a century, the specific memory impairment observed in aMCI and mild AD has only recently been investigated. Building upon our prior work, the present proposal will systematically manipulate and evaluate different components of memory (e.g., familiarity, recollection, monitoring, source memory, the distinctiveness heuristic) that may be differentially affected by AD pathology. By understanding which components of memory are preferentially impaired, and which are relatively preserved, future interventions can be designed to help these patients live more independently. Aim 1 will test the hypothesis that patients with aMCI and mild AD are over-reliant upon familiarity. Experiments 1 and 2 combine subjective reports, behavioral measures, and event-related potentials (ERPs) to understand the changes that occur in memory with a study-test delay (Expt. 1), or with several manipulations to alter the familiarity of items, includng fluency, repetition of items at various lags, and different exemplars of items (Expt. 2). Experiment 3 will attempt to lower familiarity-based false recognition and raise true recognition using deep encoding. Experiment 4 will examine whether metacognitive instructions can facilitate use of the distinctiveness of pictures to improve memory in a supermarket scenario. Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that memory is impaired in patients with aMCI and mild AD in part due to their poor ability to monitor their responses. Experiment 5 manipulates the underlying ratio of studied to unstudied items at test and queries subjects regarding their perception of how many old and new items they have seen. Experiment 6 evaluates whether informing patients of the underlying ratio of studied versus unstudied items can reduce false recognition and improve overall memory when there are fewer studied than unstudied items. Aim 3 will test the hypothesis that false memories of imagined activities in patients with aMCI and AD are increased by poor source memory and over- dependence upon familiarity, and reduced by conditions that diminish source memory confusion. Experiment 7 evaluates true and false memories of actions simply heard and not imagined. Experiment 8 evaluates whether warnings at study and test can reduce false memories associated with the imagined activities, thereby improving overall memory. Taken together, the laboratory findings generated from experiments in this proposal provide the necessary translational steps to develop strategies that may enhance memory and improve the lives of patients with aMCI and mild AD.

描述(由申请人提供)： 许多患有轻度阿尔茨海默病(AD)和阿尔茨海默病前期遗忘性轻度认知障碍(AMCI)的患者独自生活在社区中。记忆障碍是AD和aMCI的特征，当他们的记忆受到足够的损害时，这些障碍的患者将需要得到额外的服务，与家人生活在一起，或转移到辅助生活设施。虽然记忆功能障碍与阿尔茨海默病有关已有一个多世纪的历史，但在轻度阿尔茨海默病和轻度阿尔茨海默病中观察到的特殊记忆损害直到最近才被研究。在我们先前工作的基础上，本方案将系统地操作和评估可能受到AD病理影响的记忆的不同组成部分(例如，熟悉性、回忆、监控、源记忆、独特性启发式)。通过了解记忆的哪些部分优先受损，哪些相对保存下来，未来的干预措施可以设计成帮助这些患者更独立地生活。目的1将检验aMCI和轻度AD患者过度依赖熟悉度的假设。实验1和实验2结合了主观报告、行为测量和事件相关电位(ERPs)，以了解记忆中发生的变化与学习测试延迟(Expt.1)，或通过几个操作来改变项目的熟悉度，包括流利性、项目在不同滞后时的重复以及项目的不同样本(例如。2)。实验3将尝试降低基于熟悉度的错误再认，并使用深度编码提高真再认。实验4将考察元认知指令是否有助于在超市情景中利用图片的区别性来提高记忆力。目的2将验证这一假设，即aMCI和轻度AD患者的记忆受损，部分原因是他们监测反应的能力较差。实验5在测试中操纵已学习项目与未研究项目的潜在比率，并询问受试者他们对看到了多少新旧项目的感知。实验6评估了当研究的项目比未研究的项目少的情况下，告知患者已研究项目与未研究项目的潜在比率是否可以减少错误识别并改善整体记忆。目的3将检验这一假说，即aMCI和AD患者对想象活动的错误记忆因来源记忆不良和过度依赖熟悉而增加，并因减少来源记忆混乱而减少。实验7评估了对简单听到的和没有想象的行为的真实和错误记忆。实验8评估学习和测试中的警告是否可以减少与想象活动相关的错误记忆，从而提高整体记忆。综上所述，这项建议中实验产生的实验室结果提供了必要的翻译步骤，以开发可能增强记忆和改善轻度AD患者生活的策略。