Memory in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment

阿尔茨海默病和轻度认知障碍中的记忆

• 批准号: 8542161
• 负责人: Andrew Budson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VA BOSTON HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-10-01 至 2017-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8542161
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Alzheimer' s Disease; Amnestic States; Assisted Living Facilities; Communities; Confusion; Dependence; Disease; Elderly; Event-Related Potentials; Familiarity; Family; Functional disorder; Future; Hearing; Instruction; Intervention; Laboratory Finding; Life; Measures; Memory; Memory Loss; Memory impairment; Monitor; Pathology; Patients; Perception; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Reporting; Retrieval; Services; Source; Supermarket; Testing; Veterans; Work; base; behavior measurement; design; heuristics; improved; mild cognitive impairment; older patient; public health relevance; research study; response; statistics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the pre-Alzheimer's state of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) live alone in the community. Memory dysfunction is the hallmark of AD and aMCI, and when their memory is sufficiently impaired, patients with these disorders will need to be provided with additional services, live with family, or move to an assisted living facility. Although memory dysfunction has been related with AD for over a century, the specific memory impairment observed in aMCI and mild AD has only recently been investigated. Building upon our prior work, the present proposal will systematically manipulate and evaluate different components of memory (e.g., familiarity, recollection, monitoring, source memory, the distinctiveness heuristic) that may be differentially affected by AD pathology. By understanding which components of memory are preferentially impaired, and which are relatively preserved, future interventions can be designed to help these patients live more independently. Aim 1 will test the hypothesis that patients with aMCI and mild AD are over-reliant upon familiarity. Experiments 1 and 2 combine subjective reports, behavioral measures, and event-related potentials (ERPs) to understand the changes that occur in memory with a study-test delay (Expt. 1), or with several manipulations to alter the familiarity of items, includng fluency, repetition of items at various lags, and different exemplars of items (Expt. 2). Experiment 3 will attempt to lower familiarity-based false recognition and raise true recognition using deep encoding. Experiment 4 will examine whether metacognitive instructions can facilitate use of the distinctiveness of pictures to improve memory in a supermarket scenario. Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that memory is impaired in patients with aMCI and mild AD in part due to their poor ability to monitor their responses. Experiment 5 manipulates the underlying ratio of studied to unstudied items at test and queries subjects regarding their perception of how many old and new items they have seen. Experiment 6 evaluates whether informing patients of the underlying ratio of studied versus unstudied items can reduce false recognition and improve overall memory when there are fewer studied than unstudied items. Aim 3 will test the hypothesis that false memories of imagined activities in patients with aMCI and AD are increased by poor source memory and over- dependence upon familiarity, and reduced by conditions that diminish source memory confusion. Experiment 7 evaluates true and false memories of actions simply heard and not imagined. Experiment 8 evaluates whether warnings at study and test can reduce false memories associated with the imagined activities, thereby improving overall memory. Taken together, the laboratory findings generated from experiments in this proposal provide the necessary translational steps to develop strategies that may enhance memory and improve the lives of patients with aMCI and mild AD.

描述（由申请人提供）： 许多患有轻度阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）的患者和阿尔茨海默氏症前的柔和的轻度认知障碍（AMCI）单独生活在社区中。记忆功能障碍是AD和AMCI的标志，当他们的记忆力受损时，需要为这些疾病的患者提供额外的服务，与家人一起生活或搬到辅助生活设施。尽管记忆功能障碍与AD相关了一个多世纪，但直到最近才研究了AMCI和轻度AD中观察到的特定记忆障碍。在我们先前的工作的基础上，本提案将系统地操纵和评估不同的内存组成部分（例如，熟悉，回忆，监测，源记忆，独特的启发式启发式），可能会受到AD病理的差异影响。通过了解哪些内存的组成部分优先受损，哪些是相对保存的，可以设计未来的干预措施来帮助这些患者更独立地生活。 AIM 1将检验以下假设：AMCI和轻度AD患者在熟悉时过度稳定。实验1和2结合了主观报告，行为度量和与事件相关的电位（ERP），以了解记忆中发生的记忆中发生的变化（研究测试延迟（Expt。1），或使用几种操纵来改变项目的熟悉度，包括流畅性，重复的各种滞后项目的重复，以及项目不同的项目（Expt。2）。实验3将尝试降低基于熟悉度的错误识别，并使用深层编码提高真正的识别。实验4将检查元认知指令是否可以促进图片的独特性以改善超市场景中的记忆力。 AIM 2将检验以下假设：AMCI患者和轻度AD患者的记忆力受损，部分原因是它们监测反应的能力不佳。实验5操纵了在测试和查询受试者中对未研究的项目的基本比率，以了解他们对他们所看到的新旧物品的看法。实验6评估研究与未研究的项目的潜在比例通知患者是否可以减少虚假识别并改善与未研究的项目相比，研究次数少。 AIM 3将检验以下假设：AMCI和AD患者中想象的活动的虚假记忆会因源记忆和过度依赖熟悉度而增加，并通过减少源记忆混淆的条件减少。实验7评估了对动作的真实和虚假记忆，简直是听不到和没有想象。实验8评估研究和测试中的警告是否可以减少与想象活动相关的虚假记忆，从而改善整体记忆。综上所述，该提案中实验产生的实验室发现提供了必要的翻译步骤，以制定可以增强记忆力并改善AMCI和轻度AD患者生活的策略。