Difficulties with Self-Control and High-Risk Alcohol Use in Young Adults

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请是一个“指导研究科学家发展奖”（K 01）。候选人罗伯特·利曼博士对高风险酒精使用和自我控制困难感兴趣，尤其对年轻人感兴趣。Leeman博士的目标是，作为耶鲁大学的一名初级教员，获得技能，发展成为酒精研究领域的独立科学家。培训和研究计划招募斯蒂芬妮奥马利，博士，精神病学教授，药物滥用研究部主任，耶鲁大学酒精中毒转化神经科学中心（CTNA）临床核心和马克波滕扎，医学博士，博士，精神病学和儿童研究中心副教授，耶鲁大学冲动和冲动控制障碍研究项目主任。导师和顾问们都在各自的领域享有国际声誉，他们将帮助利曼博士实现他的培训目标，完成研究计划中详细说明的项目，并帮助他成为一名独立的研究人员。Leeman博士对K 01的主要培训目标是：1）提高他进行酒精管理研究的技能; 2）培养数据分析技术的专业技能，以模拟潜在变量并分析前瞻性数据。第二个训练目标是更多地了解与特质和酒精诱导的去抑制有关的神经回路，以及代表酒精中毒的神经回路的长期改变。该研究计划包括三个相互关联的研究，涉及博士利曼的酒精使用和自我控制的利益，并将使他能够应用从奖励中提出的培训获得的知识：1）测试结构方程模型以评估性状去抑制之间的关联，期望酒精的抑制作用和酒精使用的控制受损，并评估这些结构作为高血糖的横截面预测因子。饮酒风险; 2）在纳洛酮和BASICS咨询用于减少年轻人大量饮酒的临床试验中，次要数据分析以测试去抑制预期和对酒精使用的控制受损作为结果的介体，以及3）开发和验证设计用于模拟对酒精使用的控制受损的人类酒精自我给药范例。拟议的酒精自我管理模式需要提供非适度饮酒的抑制措施，无视控制饮酒的指导方针。这项拟议中的研究有可能让我们了解自我控制方面的各种困难如何导致高风险饮酒。拟议研究的结果将为Leeman博士在获奖期间完成的R 01申请提供初步数据。完成拟议的培训和研究将使他能够在完成该奖项时过渡到独立的调查员身份，并为他的长期职业目标奠定基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application is for a "Mentored Research Scientist Development Award" (K01). The candidate, Robert Leeman, Ph.D., has a programmatic interest in high-risk alcohol use and difficulties with self-control, with a particular interest in the young adult population. Dr. Leeman aims, as a junior faculty member at Yale, to acquire skills to develop into an independent scientist in the field of alcohol research. The training and research plan enlists the mentorship and collaboration of Stephanie O'Malley, Ph.D., Professor of Psychiatry, the Director of the Division of Substance Abuse Research and the Clinical Core of the Yale Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism (CTNA) and Marc Potenza, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychiatry and the Child Study Center and Director of the Yale Program for Research on Impulsivity and Impulse Control Disorders. The mentors-along with consultants, all of whom have international reputations in their fields-will assist Dr. Leeman in accomplishing his training goals, in completing the projects detailed in the research plan and in his progression toward becoming an independent researcher. Dr. Leeman's primary training goals for the K01 are 1) to enhance his skills in conducting alcohol administration research and 2) to develop specialized skills in data analytic techniques to model latent variables and to analyze prospective data. A secondary training goal is to learn more about the neurocircuitry implicated in trait and alcohol-induced disinhibition as well as the long-term alterations of neurocircuitry that typify alcoholism. The Research Plan consists of three interrelated studies that relate to Dr. Leeman's interests in alcohol use and self-control and will allow him to apply knowledge gained from the training proposed in the award: 1) testing structural equation models to assess associations among trait disinhibition, expectancies of alcohol's disinhibiting effects and impaired control over alcohol use and to assess these constructs as cross-sectional predictors of high-risk drinking; 2) a secondary data analysis to test disinhibition expectancies and impaired control over alcohol use as mediators of outcome in a clinical trial of naltrexone and BASICS counseling for heavy drinking reduction in young adults and 3) development and validation of a human alcohol self-administration paradigm designed to model impaired control over alcohol use. The proposed alcohol self-administration paradigm entails provision of disincentives for non-moderate alcohol use that disregards a controlled drinking guideline. The proposed research has the potential to inform our understanding of the ways in which various difficulties with self-control contribute to high-risk drinking. Results from the proposed research will provide preliminary data for an R01 application to be completed by Dr. Leeman during the award period. Completion of the proposed training and research would allow him to transition to independence as an investigator by the completion of this award and lay the groundwork for his long-term career goals.