CRCNS: Dynamical mechanisms of oscillation transitions in the olfactory system

CRCNS：嗅觉系统振荡转变的动力学机制

• 批准号: 8837265
• 负责人: Thomas A Cleland
• 金额: $ 33.1万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8837265
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Acute; Affect; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biology; Biophysics; Brain region; Child; Cognitive; Collaborations; Complement; Complex; Computer Simulation; Coupled; Coupling; Data Set; Electrophysiology (science); Enrollment; Family; Female; Frequencies; Hodgkin Disease; Institution; Knowledge; Laboratories; Leadership; Mediating; Methods; Minority; Modeling; Mus; NCI Scholars Program; Neurons; Neurosciences; Odors; Olfactory tubercle; Output; Paper; Phase; Population; Process; Publications; Publishing; Rattus; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Research Technics; Rest; STEM field; Sampling; Science; Scientist; Sensory; Shapes; Slice; Structure; Students; Synapses; System; Time; Tissues; Training; Underrepresented Minority; Work; alertness; awake; base; flexibility; girls; information processing; network models; olfactory bulb; outreach program; piriform cortex; programs; relating to nervous system; respiratory; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The emergence of coherent local field potentials (LFPs) in the beta (15-30 Hz) and gamma (35-100 Hz) frequency bands has been associated with attention, sensorimotor integration, and other active information processing states within and among brain regions. Beta/gamma coherence is broadly associated with action potential synchronization, which in turn has been hypothesized to define and delimit neural assemblies, and further to enable multiple assemblies of neurons within a population to synchronize within each assembly (but not among different assemblies) so that these multiple assemblies can compete to determine the systems output. The olfactory system has a strong and complex complement of LFP oscillations. Several different frequency bands are routinely observed, and are associated with particular behavioral tasks or states, such as acute sensory activity, resting alertness, and respiratory phases. Some oscillations coexist in the same structure; others appear to give way to one another. Some are local; others mediate interareal coupling either via LFP coherence or via subtler spike-field coherence in which periodic activity in the OB shapes the timing of action potentials in a limited assembly of neurons in a follower structure. Moreover, the olfactory system juxtaposes bottom-up network dynamics resulting from afferent stimulation with top-down dynamics arising from behavioral state factors, both affecting sensory information exported from olfactory bulb. Overall, the olfactory system is a particularly rich fied in which to study the biophysics and ethological utility of these neuronal dynamical systems in concert and within experimentally accessible tissues. This project will establish a robust, mechanistic, biophysically-based model of oscillations and synchronization in the mammalian olfactory system. The PIs will combine multichannel unit and LFP recordings from awake/behaving rats and from acute slices of the mouse OB using planar multielectrode array, and use the results to shape the expansion of an existing, biophysically detailed model of the early olfactory system. They will determine the extent to which the OB forms competing assemblies of gamma-coupled neurons and study beta oscillations as an interregional coupling mechanism with piriform cortex (PC) that supersedes these local gamma-coupled assemblies. Additional, less well-established OB interactions with olfactory tubercle and orbitofrontal cortex during odor sampling and response decisions also will be studied. Integrating these datasets into a common Hodgkin/Huxley-based network model will explicate the construction and utility of these systemwide dynamics based on their underlying cellular and network mechanisms. The proposed work takes a fairly well-characterized network and, via computational modeling, combines studies across different levels of analysis to build a mechanistic model of a complex dynamical system. The results will enable a deeper understanding of the dynamical flexibility of cortical circuits at many levels of analysis. Behavior provides tight control over oscillatory staes and cognitive processes associated with them, enabling explication of intact functional circuits. Slice electrophysiology and computational modeling will provide greater detail on the mechanistic, synaptic, neuromodulatory, and dynamical principles involved in generating and switching among these multiple states. The collaboration will benefit students at both institutions by integrating them into an interdisciplinary framework encompassing computational and experimental approaches, exposing students from diverse backgrounds to new research techniques and interdisciplinary and computational approaches to neuroscience. Close collaboration of the two investigators will transfer knowledge and methods across laboratories. Both laboratories actively train undergraduates in research and include them on many publications, and both laboratories actively recruit and train female and minority scientists in STEM fields. PI Kay has initiated participation in Project Exploration, an outreach program that provides access to science and scientists to underrepresented minority children and girls, and PI Cleland participates in the Leadership Alliance and Cornell Biology Scholars program for underrepresented minority and first-in-family students, and has published papers with undergraduate coauthors enrolled in these programs.

描述(由申请人提供)：在贝塔(15-30赫兹)和伽马(35-100赫兹)频段出现的相干局部场电位(LFP)与注意力、感觉运动整合和大脑区域内和脑区之间的其他活跃信息处理状态有关。β/伽马一致性广泛地与动作电位同步有关，动作电位同步反过来被假设为定义和界定神经组装，并进一步使群体内的多个神经元组装在每个组装内同步(但不是在不同组装之间)，以便这些多个组装可以竞争来确定系统的输出。嗅觉系统有一个强大而复杂的LFP振荡补充。常规观察到几个不同的频段，这些频段与特定的行为任务或状态有关，例如敏锐的感觉活动、休息的警觉性和呼吸期。一些振荡共存于同一结构中；另一些似乎相互让位。一些是局部的；另一些则通过LFP相干或更微妙的棘场相干来调节区域间的耦合，在这种情况下，OB的周期性活动塑造了跟随者结构中有限神经元集合中动作电位的时序。此外，嗅觉系统将传入刺激引起的自下而上的网络动力学与行为状态因素引起的自上而下的动力学并列在一起，两者都影响从嗅球输出的感觉信息。总体而言，嗅觉系统是一个特别丰富的领域，可以用来研究这些神经动力系统的生物物理学和行为学效用，并在实验上可以接触到的组织中进行。该项目将在哺乳动物嗅觉系统中建立一个强大的、机械性的、基于生物物理学的振荡和同步模型。PI将使用平面多电极阵列结合来自清醒/行为大鼠和小鼠OB急性切片的多通道单位和LFP记录，并使用结果来塑造现有的、生物物理详细的早期嗅觉系统模型的扩展。他们将确定OB在多大程度上形成相互竞争的伽马耦合神经元集合，并研究β振荡作为取代这些局部伽马耦合集合的梨状皮质(PC)的区域间耦合机制。此外，在气味采样和反应决策过程中，还将研究不太成熟的OB与嗅结节和眶前皮质的相互作用。将这些数据集集成到一个基于Hodgkin/Huxley的公共网络模型中，将详细说明基于其基本的细胞和网络机制的这些系统范围动力学的构建和用途。建议的工作采取了一个相当好的特征网络，并通过计算建模，结合跨不同分析水平的研究，以建立一个复杂的动力系统的机制模型。这些结果将使我们能够在多个分析水平上更深入地理解大脑皮层回路的动态灵活性。行为提供了对振荡状态和与之相关的认知过程的严格控制，使得对完整的功能电路的解释成为可能。切片电生理学和计算模型将提供更详细的机制、突触、神经调节和动力学原理，涉及在这些多状态之间的产生和转换。这种合作将使两所大学的学生受益，将他们整合到一个包括计算和实验方法的跨学科框架中，让来自不同背景的学生接触到神经科学的新研究技术以及跨学科和计算方法。两位研究人员的密切合作将在实验室之间传递知识和方法。两个实验室都积极培训本科生进行研究，并将他们列入许多出版物，两个实验室都积极招聘和培训STEM领域的女性和少数民族科学家。PiKay发起了Project Explore项目，这是一个为未被充分代表的少数族裔儿童和女孩提供接触科学和科学家的机会的外展计划，Pi Cleland参与了针对未被充分代表的少数族裔和第一家庭学生的领导力联盟和康奈尔生物学学者计划，并与这些计划的本科生合著者一起发表了论文。