CRCNS: Dynamical mechanisms of oscillation transitions in the olfactory system

CRCNS：嗅觉系统振荡转变的动力学机制

• 批准号: 9284443
• 负责人: Thomas A Cleland
• 金额: $ 30.31万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9284443
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Acute; Affect; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biology; Biophysics; Brain region; Collaborations; Complement; Complex; Computer Simulation; Coupled; Coupling; Data Set; Electrophysiology (science); Enrollment; Family; Female; Frequencies; Hodgkin-Huxley model; Institution; Knowledge; Laboratories; Leadership; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Mus; NCI Scholars Program; Network-based; Neurons; Neurosciences; Odors; Olfactory Pathways; Olfactory tubercle; Output; Paper; Periodicity; Phase; Population; Publications; Publishing; Rattus; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Research Technics; Rest; STEM field; Sampling; Science; Scientist; Sensory; Shapes; Slice; Structure; Students; Synapses; System; Tissues; Training; Underrepresented Minority; Work; alertness; awake; base; biophysical analysis; cognitive process; dynamic system; flexibility; girls; information processing; minority children; minority scientist; multi-electrode arrays; network models; neuroregulation; olfactory bulb; outreach program; piriform cortex; programs; relating to nervous system; respiratory; response; undergraduate student

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The emergence of coherent local field potentials (LFPs) in the beta (15-30 Hz) and gamma (35-100 Hz) frequency bands has been associated with attention, sensorimotor integration, and other active information processing states within and among brain regions. Beta/gamma coherence is broadly associated with action potential synchronization, which in turn has been hypothesized to define and delimit neural assemblies, and further to enable multiple assemblies of neurons within a population to synchronize within each assembly (but not among different assemblies) so that these multiple assemblies can compete to determine the systems output. The olfactory system has a strong and complex complement of LFP oscillations. Several different frequency bands are routinely observed, and are associated with particular behavioral tasks or states, such as acute sensory activity, resting alertness, and respiratory phases. Some oscillations coexist in the same structure; others appear to give way to one another. Some are local; others mediate interareal coupling either via LFP coherence or via subtler spike-field coherence in which periodic activity in the OB shapes the timing of action potentials in a limited assembly of neurons in a follower structure. Moreover, the olfactory system juxtaposes bottom-up network dynamics resulting from afferent stimulation with top-down dynamics arising from behavioral state factors, both affecting sensory information exported from olfactory bulb. Overall, the olfactory system is a particularly rich fied in which to study the biophysics and ethological utility of these neuronal dynamical systems in concert and within experimentally accessible tissues. This project will establish a robust, mechanistic, biophysically-based model of oscillations and synchronization in the mammalian olfactory system. The PIs will combine multichannel unit and LFP recordings from awake/behaving rats and from acute slices of the mouse OB using planar multielectrode array, and use the results to shape the expansion of an existing, biophysically detailed model of the early olfactory system. They will determine the extent to which the OB forms competing assemblies of gamma-coupled neurons and study beta oscillations as an interregional coupling mechanism with piriform cortex (PC) that supersedes these local gamma-coupled assemblies. Additional, less well-established OB interactions with olfactory tubercle and orbitofrontal cortex during odor sampling and response decisions also will be studied. Integrating these datasets into a common Hodgkin/Huxley-based network model will explicate the construction and utility of these systemwide dynamics based on their underlying cellular and network mechanisms. The proposed work takes a fairly well-characterized network and, via computational modeling, combines studies across different levels of analysis to build a mechanistic model of a complex dynamical system. The results will enable a deeper understanding of the dynamical flexibility of cortical circuits at many levels of analysis. Behavior provides tight control over oscillatory staes and cognitive processes associated with them, enabling explication of intact functional circuits. Slice electrophysiology and computational modeling will provide greater detail on the mechanistic, synaptic, neuromodulatory, and dynamical principles involved in generating and switching among these multiple states. The collaboration will benefit students at both institutions by integrating them into an interdisciplinary framework encompassing computational and experimental approaches, exposing students from diverse backgrounds to new research techniques and interdisciplinary and computational approaches to neuroscience. Close collaboration of the two investigators will transfer knowledge and methods across laboratories. Both laboratories actively train undergraduates in research and include them on many publications, and both laboratories actively recruit and train female and minority scientists in STEM fields. PI Kay has initiated participation in Project Exploration, an outreach program that provides access to science and scientists to underrepresented minority children and girls, and PI Cleland participates in the Leadership Alliance and Cornell Biology Scholars program for underrepresented minority and first-in-family students, and has published papers with undergraduate coauthors enrolled in these programs.

描述（由申请人提供）：β（15-30 Hz）和γ（35-100 Hz）频带中相干局部场电位（LFP）的出现与大脑区域内和之间的注意力、感觉运动整合和其他活动信息处理状态相关。 β/γ相干性广泛地与动作电位同步相关联，这进而被假设为定义和界定神经组件，并且进一步使群体内的多个神经元组件能够在每个组件内（但不是在不同组件之间）同步，使得这些多个组件可以竞争以确定系统输出。 嗅觉系统有一个强大而复杂的补充LFP振荡。 几个不同的频带被常规地观察到，并且与特定的行为任务或状态相关联，例如急性感觉活动、休息警觉性和呼吸阶段。 一些振荡在同一结构中共存;另一些振荡似乎彼此让位。 有些是地方性的;其他介导interareal耦合通过LFP相干性或通过微妙的尖峰场相干性，其中在OB的周期性活动形状的动作电位在一个追随者结构的神经元的有限组件的时间。 此外，嗅觉系统并置由传入刺激引起的自下而上的网络动态与由行为状态因素引起的自上而下的动态，两者都影响从嗅球输出的感觉信息。 总的来说，嗅觉系统是一个特别丰富的领域，在其中研究生物物理学和行为学的效用，这些神经元动力系统的音乐会和实验可访问的组织。 本项目将建立一个强大的，机械的，基于生物药理学的哺乳动物嗅觉系统的振荡和同步模型。 PI将结合联合收割机多通道单位和LFP记录从清醒/行为大鼠和急性切片的小鼠OB使用平面多电极阵列，并使用结果来塑造现有的，生物病理学详细模型的早期嗅觉系统的扩展。 他们将确定OB形成γ-耦合神经元竞争组件的程度，并研究β振荡作为梨状皮质（PC）的区域间耦合机制，取代这些局部γ-耦合组件。 此外，不太完善的OB相互作用与嗅结节和眶额皮层在气味采样和响应决策也将进行研究。 将这些数据集集成到一个常见的基于Hodgkin/Huxley的网络模型中，将根据其底层的细胞和网络机制来阐明这些系统范围内的动态的构建和效用。 拟议的工作采用了一个相当好的特征网络，并通过计算建模，结合不同层次的分析研究，建立一个复杂的动力系统的机械模型。 结果将使更深入地了解动态灵活性的皮层电路在许多层次的分析。 行为提供了对振荡状态和与之相关的认知过程的严格控制，从而能够解释完整的功能回路。 切片电生理学和计算建模将提供更详细的机制，突触，神经调节和动态的原则，涉及这些多个状态之间的生成和切换。 这项合作将使两个机构的学生受益，将其整合到一个涵盖计算和实验方法的跨学科框架中，使来自不同背景的学生接触到新的研究技术以及神经科学的跨学科和计算方法。 两名研究人员的密切合作将在实验室之间转移知识和方法。 这两个实验室都积极培训本科生从事研究，并将他们纳入许多出版物，两个实验室都积极招募和培训STEM领域的女性和少数民族科学家。 PI Kay已经开始参与项目探索，这是一个外展计划，为代表性不足的少数民族儿童和女孩提供科学和科学家的机会，PI Cleland参加了领导联盟和康奈尔大学生物学学者计划，为代表性不足的少数民族和第一家庭学生，并与这些计划的本科合著者一起发表论文。