MRI Corticography (MRCoG): Micro-scale Human Cortical Imaging

MRI 皮质成像 (MRCoG)：微型人体皮质成像

• 批准号: 8828462
• 负责人: David Alan Feinberg
• 金额: $ 49.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-26 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8828462
• 关键词: Axon; Brain; Brain Concussion; Brain Diseases; Brain imaging; Caring; Cells; Cognition Disorders; Complement; Computational algorithm; Computer Simulation; Coupling; Data Set; Diagnostic; Diffusion; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Electrocorticogram; Epilepsy; Evaluation; Fiber; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Genetic; Geometry; Goals; Human; Image; Imaging Techniques; Life; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measurement; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methods; Neocortex; Network-based; Neurons; Neurosciences; Pathway Analysis; Patient Care; Patients; Penetration; Peripheral; Physiologic pulse; Positron-Emission Tomography; Predisposition; Process; Research; Resolution; Scanning; Seizures; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Slice; Speed; Structure; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Thick; Three-Dimensional Imaging; Translating; Traumatic Brain Injury; Validation; base; blood oxygen level dependent; brain volume; clinical application; data acquisition; density; design; image processing; image reconstruction; improved; in vivo; innovation; neocortical; neural circuit; neuronal circuitry; new technology; novel; optical imaging; optogenetics; prototype; public health relevance; radiofrequency; sensor; spatiotemporal; tool; validation studies; white matter

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): MRI is the only technology that can image the connectivity of the human brain in vivo and non-invasively. However, neither BOLD fMRI nor diffusion-based fiber tracking has been able to break the barrier of 1-mm voxel spatial resolution. Yet, 1-mm voxel contains roughly 50,000 neuronal cells and the human cortex is less than 5 mm thick. The disparity between the spatial scales has thus created a large gap between MRI studies of the whole brain and optical imaging and cell recordings of groups of neurons. The overarching objective of this proposal is to bring noninvasive human brain imaging into the microscale resolution and begin to bridge studies of neuronal circuitry and network organization in the human brain. Our breakthrough technology, termed MR Corticography (MRCoG), will achieve dramatic gains in spatial and temporal resolutions by focusing exclusively to the cortex. Higher-sensitivity coil sensors will be designed that tailor to the superficial volume of the brain MRCoG will also be used to map intracortical axonal connectivity, overcoming a fundamental resolution limit inherent to all in vivo human neuronal fiber tractography to date by replacing diffusion imaging with a novel susceptibility contrast mapping of axon fibers. Innovative imaging pulse sequences will be designed to complement the high-sensitivity coil arrays to achieve higher spatial resolution in the neocortex. The improved capabilities of these sensors will be further exploited using new, vastly more efficient spatial multiplexed and temporal multiplexed image acquisition to further accelerate scanning by taking advantage of spatiotemporal sparsity. In summary, the proposed research will create a novel technology for imaging the human brain's neocortex with barrier-breaking resolution and contrast. MRCoG will facilitate the integration between in vivo non-invasive human-brain MRI and cellular and genetic imaging techniques. If successful, it will fundamentally transform our ability to study the human brain. Because it is based on MRI, MRCoG can be readily translated to patient care, providing potential high impact in the care of mental health, traumatic brain injuries, epilepsy among many other debilitating brain diseases and disorders.

 描述(申请人提供)：MRI是唯一一项可以在体内非侵入性地对人脑连接进行成像的技术。然而，无论是BOLD功能磁共振成像还是基于扩散的纤维跟踪都无法突破1毫米体素空间分辨率的障碍。然而，1毫米的体素包含大约50,000个神经细胞，而人类的皮质厚度不到5毫米。因此，空间尺度之间的差异造成了整个大脑的MRI研究与神经元组的光学成像和细胞记录之间的巨大差距。这项提议的首要目标是将非侵入性人脑成像引入微尺度分辨率，并开始连接对人脑中神经元电路和网络组织的研究。我们的突破性技术，称为磁共振皮质成像(MRCOG)，将通过只聚焦于大脑皮质来实现空间和时间分辨率的显著提高。更高灵敏度的线圈传感器将被设计成适合大脑表面体积的MRCOG，也将被用于绘制皮质内轴突连接图，通过用一种新的轴突纤维敏感性对比图取代扩散成像，克服迄今为止所有活体人类神经元纤维束成像固有的基本分辨率限制。创新的成像脉冲序列将被设计来补充高灵敏度的线圈阵列，以在新大脑皮层实现更高的空间分辨率。这些传感器改进的能力将被进一步利用，使用新的、更高效的空间和时间多路复用图像采集，以通过利用时空稀疏性来进一步加速扫描。总而言之，这项拟议的研究将创造一种新的技术，以打破障碍的分辨率和对比度对人脑的新皮质进行成像。MRCOG将促进体内非侵入性人脑MRI与细胞和遗传成像技术的集成。如果成功，它将从根本上改变我们研究人脑的能力。由于MRCOG是基于MRI的，因此它可以很容易地转化为患者护理，在精神健康、创伤性脑损伤、癫痫和许多其他使人衰弱的脑部疾病和障碍的护理中提供潜在的高影响。