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MRI Corticography (MRCoG): Micro-scale Human Cortical Imaging

MRI 皮质成像 (MRCoG)：微型人体皮质成像

基本信息

批准号：
9085397
负责人：
David Alan Feinberg
金额：
$ 47.01万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-09-26 至 2018-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9085397
关键词：
Axon Brain Brain Concussion Brain Diseases Brain imaging Caring Cells Cognition Disorders Complement Computational algorithm Computer Simulation Data Set Diagnostic Diffusion Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Disease Electrocorticogram Epilepsy Evaluation Fiber Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Genetic Geometry Goals Health Human Image Imaging Techniques Life Magnetic Resonance Imaging Maps Measurement Mental Depression Mental Health Methods Neocortex Network-based Neurons Neurosciences Pathway Analysis Patient Care Patients Penetration Peripheral Physiologic pulse Positron-Emission Tomography Predisposition Process Research Resolution Scanning Seizures Shapes Signal Transduction Slice Speed Structure System Techniques Technology Testing Thick Three-Dimensional Imaging Translating Traumatic Brain Injury Validation base blood oxygen level dependent brain circuitry brain volume clinical application connectome cortex mapping data acquisition density design image processing image reconstruction improved in vivo innovation mild traumatic brain injury neocortical neural circuit neuronal circuitry neurovascular coupling new technology novel optical imaging optogenetics prototype radiofrequency sensor spatiotemporal temporal measurement tool validation studies white matter

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): MRI is the only technology that can image the connectivity of the human brain in vivo and non-invasively. However, neither BOLD fMRI nor diffusion-based fiber tracking has been able to break the barrier of 1-mm voxel spatial resolution. Yet, 1-mm voxel contains roughly 50,000 neuronal cells and the human cortex is less than 5 mm thick. The disparity between the spatial scales has thus created a large gap between MRI studies of the whole brain and optical imaging and cell recordings of groups of neurons. The overarching objective of this proposal is to bring noninvasive human brain imaging into the microscale resolution and begin to bridge studies of neuronal circuitry and network organization in the human brain. Our breakthrough technology, termed MR Corticography (MRCoG), will achieve dramatic gains in spatial and temporal resolutions by focusing exclusively to the cortex. Higher-sensitivity coil sensors will be designed that tailor to the superficial volume of the brain MRCoG will also be used to map intracortical axonal connectivity, overcoming a fundamental resolution limit inherent to all in vivo human neuronal fiber tractography to date by replacing diffusion imaging with a novel susceptibility contrast mapping of axon fibers. Innovative imaging pulse sequences will be designed to complement the high-sensitivity coil arrays to achieve higher spatial resolution in the neocortex. The improved capabilities of these sensors will be further exploited using new, vastly more efficient spatial multiplexed and temporal multiplexed image acquisition to further accelerate scanning by taking advantage of spatiotemporal sparsity. In summary, the proposed research will create a novel technology for imaging the human brain's neocortex with barrier-breaking resolution and contrast. MRCoG will facilitate the integration between in vivo non-invasive human-brain MRI and cellular and genetic imaging techniques. If successful, it will fundamentally transform our ability to study the human brain. Because it is based on MRI, MRCoG can be readily translated to patient care, providing potential high impact in the care of mental health, traumatic brain injuries, epilepsy among many other debilitating brain diseases and disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：MRI是唯一可以在体内和非侵入性地对人脑连接进行成像的技术。然而，无论是BOLD功能磁共振成像还是基于扩散的纤维跟踪都无法突破1毫米体素空间分辨率的障碍。然而，1毫米的体素包含大约50，000个神经元细胞，而人类大脑皮层的厚度不到5毫米。空间尺度之间的差异因此在整个大脑的MRI研究与神经元组的光学成像和细胞记录之间产生了很大的差距。该提案的总体目标是将非侵入性人脑成像带入微尺度分辨率，并开始桥接人脑中神经元回路和网络组织的研究。我们的突破性技术，称为磁共振皮质描记术（MRCoG），将实现空间和时间分辨率的显着收益，专门关注皮层。将设计更高灵敏度的线圈传感器，以适应大脑的浅表体积，MRCoG也将用于映射皮质内轴突连接，通过用轴突纤维的新型磁化率对比映射代替扩散成像，克服迄今为止所有体内人类神经元纤维束成像固有的基本分辨率限制。创新的成像脉冲序列将被设计为补充高灵敏度线圈阵列，以实现新皮层的更高空间分辨率。这些传感器的改进能力将进一步利用新的，更有效的空间多路复用和时间多路复用图像采集，以进一步加快扫描利用时空稀疏。总之，这项研究将创造一种新的技术，以突破障碍的分辨率和对比度对人类大脑新皮层进行成像。MRCoG将促进体内非侵入性人脑MRI与细胞和遗传成像技术之间的整合。如果成功，它将从根本上改变我们研究人脑的能力。因为它是基于MRI，MRCoG可以很容易地转化为病人的护理，提供潜在的高影响，在精神健康，创伤性脑损伤，癫痫等许多其他衰弱性脑疾病和障碍的护理。