Mechanisms of acute alcohol effects on high risk behaviors in HIV-vulnerable men.

急性酒精对艾滋病毒易感男性高危行为的影响机制。

• 批准号: 8838921
• 负责人: PETER M. MONTI
• 金额: $ 14.2万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8838921
• 关键词: Acute; Affective; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Anus; Attention; Attitude; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Control Groups; Cues; Decision Making; Development; Educational Intervention; Ensure; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Experimental Designs; Future; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV risk; Health; Heavy Drinking; Impairment; Incidence; Individual; Individual Differences; Infection; Intention; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Intoxication; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Mediating; Modeling; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Perception; Placebo Control; Play; Prevention; Process; Progress Reports; Reaction; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Sex Behavior; Sexual Arousal; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Testing; Training; United States; Water; Work; abstracting; active control; alcohol effect; attentional bias; base; biobehavior; breath alcohol measurement; cognitive process; cognitive training; condoms; drinking; environmental change; executive function; high risk; improved; men who have sex with men; mindfulness; novel strategies; research study; sex; sex risk; skills; therapy design; therapy development; transmission process; trend

Project Summary/Abstract Among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the US, annual rates of new HIV infections continue to grow, despite stability or decline among other at-risk groups. This trend is due in part to unprotected sexual behavior that poses high per-act transmission risk. Alcohol increases the risk for HIV infection among MSM, likely due to alcohol's association with increased unprotected sexual behavior. Past studies suggest that alcohol intoxication specifically co-occurs with increased odds of engaging in sexual behavior that poses high transmission risk. However, the mechanisms by which alcohol intoxication leads to increases in sex risk among MSM are poorly understood, and experimental research on alcohol's on sexual decision-making among MSM has been limited to date. An improved knowledge of these mechanisms may uncover critical opportunities to enhance existing interventions designed to reduce alcohol-related sex risk, and could point to new pathways for intervention development. Alcohol has been shown to impair executive functions (EF) that are key to regulating behavior, such as inhibitory control and executive attention, and these impairments may underlie alcohol-related increases in sex risk. Alcohol has also been shown to increase the influence of automatic processes, such as automatic affective reactions and attention biases to sexual stimuli, on behavior. As such, alcohol's tendency to increase sex risk may be due to the tendency for automatic processes to increasingly guide behavior when intoxicated, the impairment of EFs that typically moderate the influence of these processes and other impulses, or both. The proposed 3-year study will examine the effects of alcohol intoxication on sexual decision-making and behavior among MSM using a video-based sexual scenario task. This research will also examine potential mechanisms of alcohol's effects on sex outcomes, using path modeling to test indirect effects between alcohol intoxication and sex risk via EFs and automatic processes. To accomplish these goals, we will employ a between-subjects experimental design with 3 conditions (true control, placebo, and alcohol [0.08%]). The long-term goal of this research is to advance theoretical understanding of the alcohol-risky sex link, and to use this knowledge to guide a future line of research focused on developing and testing new approaches to intervention for MSM. This goal is vital given recent findings from intervention research with other behaviors suggesting that many of the processes examined in the proposed study are modifiable, and that changes in these processes produce corresponding changes in behavior. As such, this research has high potential to make critical contributions to the effort to find ways to reduce the spread of HIV among MSM.

项目摘要/摘要 在美国男男性行为者(MSM)中，每年新感染艾滋病毒的比例持续上升， 尽管其他高危人群保持稳定或下降。这一趋势部分归因于无保护措施的性行为。 这带来了很高的按行动传播的风险。酒精增加男男性行为者感染艾滋病毒的风险，可能是由于 酒精与更多无保护的性行为有关。过去的研究表明，酒精 醉酒特别是与高风险的性行为的几率增加同时发生。 传播风险。然而，酒精中毒导致性行为风险增加的机制 男男性接触者知之甚少，酒精对男男性接触者性决策影响的实验研究 仅限于到目前为止。对这些机制的更好了解可能会发现关键的机会 加强旨在降低与酒精相关的性行为风险的现有干预措施，并可能指出新的途径 用于干预发展。已有研究表明，酒精会损害执行功能(EF)，而执行功能是 调节行为，如抑制性控制和执行注意力，而这些损害可能是基础 与酒精相关的性行为风险增加。酒精也被证明增加了自动控制的影响 过程，如对性刺激的自动情感反应和注意力偏向，对行为的影响。因此， 酒精增加性行为风险的趋势可能是由于自动化过程越来越多地 在醉酒时引导行为，EFS的损害通常会缓解这些影响 过程和其他冲动，或者两者兼而有之。这项拟议的为期3年的研究将考察酒精的影响。 使用基于视频的性爱情景任务，在男男性行为者中沉醉于性决策和行为。 这项研究还将使用Path研究酒精对性结果影响的潜在机制 建立模型，通过EFS和自动过程测试酒精中毒和性行为风险之间的间接影响。至 为了实现这些目标，我们将采用受试者之间的实验设计，有3个条件(真实对照， 安慰剂和酒精[0.08%])。这项研究的长期目标是促进对 有酒精风险的性行为联系，并利用这一知识来指导未来专注于开发 并测试对MSM进行干预的新方法。考虑到最近的干预结果，这一目标至关重要 其他行为的研究表明，在拟议的研究中检查的许多过程是 可修改的，并且这些过程中的变化会产生相应的行为变化。因此，这是 研究具有很高的潜力，可以为找到减少艾滋病毒传播的方法做出关键贡献 在男男性接触者中。