Mechanisms of acute alcohol effects on high risk behaviors in HIV-vulnerable men.

急性酒精对艾滋病毒易感男性高危行为的影响机制。

• 批准号: 8838921
• 负责人: PETER M. MONTI
• 金额: $ 14.2万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8838921
• 关键词: Acute; Affective; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Anus; Attention; Attitude; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Control Groups; Cues; Decision Making; Development; Educational Intervention; Ensure; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Experimental Designs; Future; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV risk; Health; Heavy Drinking; Impairment; Incidence; Individual; Individual Differences; Infection; Intention; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Intoxication; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Mediating; Modeling; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Perception; Placebo Control; Play; Prevention; Process; Progress Reports; Reaction; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Sex Behavior; Sexual Arousal; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Testing; Training; United States; Water; Work; abstracting; active control; alcohol effect; attentional bias; base; biobehavior; breath alcohol measurement; cognitive process; cognitive training; condoms; drinking; environmental change; executive function; high risk; improved; men who have sex with men; mindfulness; novel strategies; research study; sex; sex risk; skills; therapy design; therapy development; transmission process; trend

Project Summary/Abstract Among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the US, annual rates of new HIV infections continue to grow, despite stability or decline among other at-risk groups. This trend is due in part to unprotected sexual behavior that poses high per-act transmission risk. Alcohol increases the risk for HIV infection among MSM, likely due to alcohol's association with increased unprotected sexual behavior. Past studies suggest that alcohol intoxication specifically co-occurs with increased odds of engaging in sexual behavior that poses high transmission risk. However, the mechanisms by which alcohol intoxication leads to increases in sex risk among MSM are poorly understood, and experimental research on alcohol's on sexual decision-making among MSM has been limited to date. An improved knowledge of these mechanisms may uncover critical opportunities to enhance existing interventions designed to reduce alcohol-related sex risk, and could point to new pathways for intervention development. Alcohol has been shown to impair executive functions (EF) that are key to regulating behavior, such as inhibitory control and executive attention, and these impairments may underlie alcohol-related increases in sex risk. Alcohol has also been shown to increase the influence of automatic processes, such as automatic affective reactions and attention biases to sexual stimuli, on behavior. As such, alcohol's tendency to increase sex risk may be due to the tendency for automatic processes to increasingly guide behavior when intoxicated, the impairment of EFs that typically moderate the influence of these processes and other impulses, or both. The proposed 3-year study will examine the effects of alcohol intoxication on sexual decision-making and behavior among MSM using a video-based sexual scenario task. This research will also examine potential mechanisms of alcohol's effects on sex outcomes, using path modeling to test indirect effects between alcohol intoxication and sex risk via EFs and automatic processes. To accomplish these goals, we will employ a between-subjects experimental design with 3 conditions (true control, placebo, and alcohol [0.08%]). The long-term goal of this research is to advance theoretical understanding of the alcohol-risky sex link, and to use this knowledge to guide a future line of research focused on developing and testing new approaches to intervention for MSM. This goal is vital given recent findings from intervention research with other behaviors suggesting that many of the processes examined in the proposed study are modifiable, and that changes in these processes produce corresponding changes in behavior. As such, this research has high potential to make critical contributions to the effort to find ways to reduce the spread of HIV among MSM.

项目总结/摘要 在美国男男性行为者（MSM）中，每年新感染艾滋病毒的人数继续增加， 尽管其他高危人群的情况稳定或有所下降。这种趋势部分是由于无保护的性行为 这会带来很高的传播风险。酒精增加了男男性行为者感染艾滋病毒的风险，可能是由于 酒精与无保护性行为的增加有关。过去的研究表明，酒精 中毒特别是共同发生的几率增加从事性行为，构成高 传播风险。然而，酒精中毒导致性风险增加的机制， 对男男性行为者的了解较少，酒精对男男性行为者性决策影响的实验研究 迄今为止还很有限。对这些机制的进一步了解可能会发现关键的机会， 加强现有的干预措施，以减少酒精相关的性风险，并可能指出新的途径 干预发展。酒精已被证明会损害执行功能（EF），这是关键， 调节行为，如抑制控制和执行注意力，这些障碍可能是 与酒精有关的性风险增加。酒精也被证明会增加自动化的影响。 过程，如自动情感反应和对性刺激的注意偏差，对行为的影响。因此，在本发明中， 酒精增加性风险的趋势可能是由于自动过程的趋势， 指导行为时，中毒，损害的EF，通常缓和这些影响， 过程和其他冲动，或两者兼而有之。这项为期3年的研究将研究酒精对人体的影响。 中毒对MSM性决策和行为的影响。 这项研究还将使用路径来检查酒精对性结果影响的潜在机制。 通过EFs和自动过程建立模型来测试酒精中毒和性风险之间的间接影响。到 为了实现这些目标，我们将采用具有3个条件的受试者间实验设计（真实对照， 安慰剂和酒精[0.08%]）。这项研究的长期目标是促进对 酒精风险的性联系，并利用这一知识来指导未来的研究，重点是发展 并测试新的方法来干预男男性接触者。鉴于最近的干预研究结果， 与其他行为的研究表明，在拟议的研究中检查的许多过程是 这些过程的变化会产生相应的行为变化。因此，这 研究具有很大的潜力，可以为寻找减少艾滋病毒传播的方法做出重要贡献 在MSM中。