ABCD-USA Consortium:Research Project

 描述(由申请人提供)：青春期是神经发育的关键时期，与物质使用率的急剧增加有关。确定物质使用的预测因素及其对儿童和青少年发育的影响至关重要，因为在正在进行的成熟过程中与物质相关的减少可能会对大脑功能以及行为、健康和心理结果产生长期影响。为了响应RFA-DA-15-015，本申请建议匹兹堡大学研究项目现场组件[12/13]青少年大脑认知发展(ABCD)-美国财团，以前瞻性地确定物质对儿童和青少年的神经发育和行为影响。在匹兹堡，将招募550名9-10岁物质天真儿童的具有代表性的社区样本(11个地点中的11,111名ABCD-USA)，并将在五年内接受基线评估和两到三次后续行动。在每个评估期，参与者将接受最先进的大脑成像、全面的神经心理测试，以及对物质使用模式和心理健康功能的广泛评估。在这个项目过程中收集的大脑、行为、心理、社会、遗传和环境数据将阐明：1)物质使用模式对青少年大脑的影响；2)物质使用对行为和健康结果的影响；3)精神病理学和物质使用模式之间的双向关系；4)个体遗传、行为、神经生物学和环境差异对风险概况和物质使用结果的影响；以及5)不同物质使用之间的“门户相互作用”。本网站独有的元素：此外，ABCD-USA匹兹堡将提供一个独特的焦点，确定工作记忆和抑制控制的认知维度以及皮质纹状体系统的成熟如何帮助我们了解青少年早期使用大麻的风险和影响。工作记忆和抑制控制在青春期的改善与皮质纹状体基本神经回路的成熟是同步的。对青少年大脑和认知发展的这些区域的了解，为确定大麻和其他物质使用的脆弱性和后果的模型提供了关键信息。在2003年，匹兹堡将专注于分析工作记忆和抑制控制表型，以及物质使用前的神经发育特征。在2004年至2005年，这些神经认知特征将作为青少年早期使用大麻轨迹的风险进行检查，并在2010年作为青少年加速使用大麻轨迹的风险进行检查。机器学习将被应用于整合认知和神经成像特征，以表征青少年早期使用大麻的风险模型。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescence is a critical neurodevelopmental period that is associated with dramatic increases in rates of substance use. Identifying predictors of substance use and its effects on child and adolescent development is critically important, as substance-related decrements incurred during ongoing maturation could have long- lasting effects on brain functioning and behavioral, health, and psychological outcomes. In response to RFA- DA-15-015, this application proposes the University of Pittsburgh Research Project Site component [12/13] of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD)-USA consortium to prospectively determine the neurodevelopmental and behavioral effects of substance on children and adolescents. In Pittsburgh, a representative community sample of 550 9-10 year old substance-naïve children will be recruited (total ABCD- USA n=11,111 from 11 total sites) and will undergo a baseline assessment and two to three follow-ups over a five year period. At each assessment period, participants will undergo state-of-the-art brain imaging, comprehensive neuropsychological testing, and extensive assessment of substance use patterns and mental health functioning. The brain, behavioral, psychological, social, genetic, and environmental data collected during the course of this project will elucidate: 1) the effects o substance use patterns on the adolescent brain; 2) the effects of substance use on behavioral and health outcomes; 3) the bidirectional relationship between psychopathology and substance use patterns; 4) the effects of individual genetic, behavioral, neurobiological, and environmental differences on risk profiles and substance use outcomes; and 5) the "gateway interactions" between use of different substances. Elements Unique to This Site: In addition, ABCD-USA Pittsburgh will provide a unique focus determining how the cognitive dimensions of working memory and inhibitory control and the maturation of corticostriatal systems can inform our understanding of the risks for and effects of early adolescent marijuana use. Working memory and inhibitory control improve during adolescence in parallel with maturation of underlying corticostriatal neurocircuitry. An understanding of these areas of adolescent brain and cognitive development provide critical information in models determining vulnerabilities for and consequences of marijuana and other substance use. In Y03, Pittsburgh will focus on analyses examining working memory and inhibitory control phenotypes and neurodevelopmental characteristics prior to substance use. In Y04-Y05, these neurocognitive characteristics will be examined as risks for early adolescent marijuana use trajectories and, in Y10, accelerated adolescent marijuana use trajectories. Machine Learning will be applied to integrating cognitive and neuroimaging features to characterize a model of risks for early adolescent marijuana use.