Dietary Patterns and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

总结/摘要 这种竞争性的更新申请代表了我们长期研究的一种转化延续， 饮食模式和心血管疾病（CVD）之间的相互联系， 模式、肠道微生物和代谢组学特征。最近发布的2015-2020年膳食指南， 美国人推荐三种饮食模式-健康的美国式饮食模式， 地中海式饮食模式和健康的素食饮食模式。在这个项目中，我们将研究 在四个大的前瞻性研究中， 美国队列，特别关注潜在的种族/民族差异。在目标1中，我们将创建更新的 每种饮食模式的指数（健康饮食指数[HEI]-2015，地中海饮食指数[MDI]， 植物性饮食指数[hPDI]），并评估其与CVD相关性的潜在种族/民族差异 护士健康研究（NHS），NHSII和卫生专业人员随访研究（HPFS），包括 231，000名非西班牙裔白人，3，600名非洲裔美国人，3，000名亚洲人和2，400名西班牙裔人。我们还将 在西班牙裔社区健康研究/拉丁美洲人研究（HCHS/SOL; n= 13，000），并在12年的随访期间评估其与CVD的相关性。其次，我们将研究 这些饮食指数与不同西班牙裔群体（波多黎各人，墨西哥人， 中美洲/南美洲、古巴和多米尼加）。在目标2中，我们将评估 坚持三种饮食模式和血浆代谢谱（包括CVD相关候选人） 代谢物和基于>500种代谢物的新代谢途径），在1，100个NHS/HPFS子样本中进行 477名HCHS/SOL参与者。此外，我们将识别和表征肠道微生物组， 通过鸟枪宏基因组和元转录组测序， 621名NHSII/HPFS参与者和400名HCHS/SOL参与者的饮食模式， 提供粪便样本。在二次分析中，我们将检查三种饮食模式之间的关联， 按西班牙裔亚组分层的评分和肠道微生物特征，并与非西班牙裔进行比较 白人这项拟议中的研究，具有独特的前瞻性美国西班牙裔队列，将是第一个评估 坚持饮食指南与心血管疾病风险的关系。利用最先进的代谢组学 和微生物组技术，这项研究也将是第一个探索潜在的机制， 长期坚持推荐的饮食模式会影响不同种族/民族的CVD风险 组建立在完善的长期队列、存档的生物标本和先进的组学技术基础上， 这种竞争性的更新将促进我们对与健康相关的心脏代谢益处的理解。 饮食模式，为CVD的饮食预防提供了新的见解。 !

SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This competing renewal application represents a translational continuation of our long-standing research on dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) that extends to the interconnections between dietary patterns, gut microbes, and metabolomic profiles. The recently released 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends three dietary patterns - the Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern, the Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern, and the Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern. In this project, we will examine the associations between these three recommended dietary patterns and CVD risk in four large prospective US cohorts, with a particular focus on potential racial/ethnic differences. In Aim 1, we will create updated indices for each dietary pattern (Healthy Eating Index [HEI]-2015, Mediterranean Diet Index [MDI], Healthful Plant-based Diet Index [hPDI]), and evaluate potential racial/ethnic differences in their associations with CVD in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHSII, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), including 231,000 non-Hispanic whites, 3,600 African Americans, 3,000 Asians, and 2,400 Hispanics. We will also construct the three diet indices in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; n=13,000) and evaluate their associations with CVD during 12 years of follow-up. Secondarily, we will examine the associations of these diet indices with CVD in diverse Hispanic groups (Puerto Rican, Mexican, Central/South American, Cuban, and Dominican). In Aim 2, we will evaluate the relationship between adherence to the three dietary patterns and plasma metabolic profiles (including CVD-related candidate metabolites and novel metabolic pathways based on >500 metabolites) in a subsample of 1,100 NHS/HPFS participants and 477 HCHS/SOL participants. In addition, we will identify and characterize gut microbiome markers, via shotgun metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing, that are associated with the three dietary patterns among 621 NHSII/HPFS participants and 400 HCHS/SOL participants who provided or will provide stool samples. In secondary analyses, we will examine associations between the three dietary pattern scores and gut microbial features stratified by Hispanic sub-groups and compare them with non-Hispanic whites. The proposed study, with a unique prospective US Hispanic cohort, will be the first to assess adherence to dietary guidelines in relation to CVD risk in this population. Using state-of-the-art metabolomics and microbiome technologies, this study will also be among the first to explore potential mechanisms through which long-term adherence to recommended dietary patterns influences CVD risk in diverse racial/ethnic groups. Built on well-established long-term cohorts, archived biospecimens, and advanced -omics technology, this competing renewal will advance our understanding of the cardio-metabolic benefits associated with healthy dietary patterns, providing novel insight into the dietary prevention of CVD. !