Making connections among social ties, neural sensitivity to social signals, and outcomes

项目摘要 社交孤立与过度饮酒、抑郁、焦虑和其他不良后果（例如， Daeppen等人，2013; Moos等人，2001; Muller等人，2017; Zuckermann等人，2020年）。巨大的变化也 存在于这些协会中，因此社会关系有限的个人确实会经历积极的结果， 有社会联系的个体同样经历负面结果（Bond等人，2007; Bryan等人，二〇一七年; Eddie & Kelly，2017; Spohr等人，2019年）。尽管社会因素在酒精使用和相关的 社会联系或孤立产生积极和消极结果的机制 仍然在很大程度上未被探索，部分原因是难以引出和量化的人际关系过程中， 参数化方式我们之前已经表明，对社会信号的敏感性可以在 互动行为经济游戏的背景下，并提供强大的工具，以检查来源， 社会偏好与心理健康相关的可变性和潜在机制（Chung et 例如，2015; Chiu等人，2008; King-Casas等人，2005，2008; King-Casas & Chiu，2012）。在这里，我们使用这些工具 为了测试在社会互动的背景下对社会信号的敏感性如何影响社会关系的可能性， 产生酒精使用、情绪和焦虑的可变性。 为了检验社会联系、对社会信号的敏感性和结果之间的关联，我们将联合收割机 纵向队列设计，包括时滞中介分析、功能性神经影像学和行为 经济社会交换任务。我们将评估这些关联（i）目标1中的同时，（ii）随着时间的推移 目标2;及（iii）在目标3的大型网上样本中遵守与COVID-19有关的社会限制。广大 假设对社会信号的敏感性（通过神经计算指数测量） 并调解社会关系和酒精使用及相关结果之间的关联。该作品提交于 响应PAR-19-373要求应用程序解决社会联系的基本机制， 连接和隔离，包括与COVID-19相关的那些。该申请进一步符合具体的 NIAAA和NIMH的利益，并在“生物心理社会的原因和社会影响的机械研究， 社会联系和隔离的行为[和]神经生物学机制 导致酒精使用，成瘾或停止消费。

PROJECT SUMMARY Social isolation is associated with excessive alcohol use, depression, anxiety, and other poor outcomes (e.g., Daeppen et al., 2013; Moos et al., 2001; Muller et al., 2017; Zuckermann et al., 2020). Substantial variability also exists in these associations, such that individuals with limited social ties do experience positive outcomes and socially connected individuals similarly do experience negative outcomes (Bond et al., 2007; Bryan et al., 2017; Eddie & Kelly, 2017; Spohr et al., 2019). Despite the importance of social factors in alcohol use and related outcomes, the mechanisms via which social connectedness or isolation yield positive and negative outcomes remains largely unexplored, in part due to difficulties eliciting and quantifying interpersonal processes in a parametric manner. We have previously shown that sensitivity to social signals may be parameterized in the context of interactive behavioral economic games and provide powerful tools with which to examine sources of variability and potential mechanisms through which social preferences are related to mental health (Chung et al., 2015; Chiu et al., 2008; King-Casas et al., 2005, 2008; King-Casas & Chiu, 2012). Here, we use these tools to test the possibility that sensitivity to social signals in the context of social interaction influences how social ties yield variability in alcohol use, mood, and anxiety. To examine associations among social connectedness, sensitivity to social signals, and outcomes, we combine a longitudinal cohort design including time-lagged mediation analyses, functional neuroimaging, and a behavioral economic social exchange task. We will assess these associations (i) contemporaneously in Aim 1, (ii) over time in Aim 2, and (iii) following social restrictions related to COVID-19 in a large online sample in Aim 3. The broad hypothesis is that sensitivity to social signals (as measured by neurocomputational indices) will both moderate and mediate associations between social ties and alcohol use and related outcomes. The work is submitted in response to PAR-19-373 requesting applications addressing basic mechanisms of social connectedness, connection, and isolation, including those related to COVID-19. The application further is in line with specific interests of NIAAA and NIMH and in “mechanistic studies of the biopsychosocial causes and effects of social connection and isolation” and “behavioral [and] neurobiological mechanisms of social connection and isolation leading to alcohol use, addiction, or cessation of consumption.”