Social influences on choices in adolescent substance use

项目摘要/摘要 在美国，药物使用行为是导致老年人死亡和发病的主要原因。 青少年，每年造成约600亿美元的经济成本。消极同辈 影响是早期开始使用药物和其他危险行为的主要环境风险因素。 然而，以群体为基础的干预和积极的社会支持也有利于成功戒除 物质使用和成瘾行为。因此，社会影响可能会导致适应性或适应性不良。 决策取决于影响的背景和性质。尽管有很大的贡献 同伴对个人风险(或安全)决策的影响，即潜在的机械性过程 对社会影响的敏感性和恢复力得到的调查有限。 在这里，我们结合了纵向队列设计，功能神经成像，新的行为经济学 范例和基于模型的方法来检查物质使用和物质使用的变化是否 与社会信息影响风险决策的两种机制中的个体差异有关- 制作(目标1和2)。测试物质使用的变化也可能影响易感性的程度 社会影响，我们将进一步考察物质使用对社会影响机制的相互作用 随时间的影响(目标3)。我们的广泛假设是，在神经和行为处理中的偏见 来自社会他人的信息有助于青少年物质使用行为的发展 可能解释了为什么社交其他人对某些青少年的参与决定有异常大的影响 物质使用。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT In the United States, substance use behaviors contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity of adolescents, and are associated with approximately $60 billion in economic costs per year. Negative peer influence is a major environmental risk factor for early initiation of substance use and other risky behaviors. However, group-based interventions and positive social supports are also beneficial for successful cessation of substance use and addictive behaviors. Thus, social influences can contribute to adaptive or maladaptive decision-making and depend on the context and nature of the influence. Despite the strong contribution of peer influence to individuals' risky (or safe) decision-making, the mechanistic processes underlying susceptibility and resilience to social influence have received limited investigation. Here, we combine a longitudinal cohort design, functional neuroimaging, novel behavioral economic paradigms, and a model-based approach to examine whether substance use, and changes in substance use, are related to individual differences in two mechanisms by which social information influences risky decision- making (Aims 1 & 2). To test the extent to which changes in substance use may also impact susceptibility to social influence, we will further examine reciprocal effects of substance use on the mechanisms of social influence over time (Aim 3). Our broad hypothesis is that biases in neural and behavioral processing of information from social others contribute to the development of substance use behaviors in adolescents and may explain why social others have an unusually large impact on certain adolescents' decisions to engage in substance use.