Social influences on choices in adolescent substance use

项目总结/摘要 在美国，物质使用行为是导致儿童死亡和发病的主要原因。 儿童和青少年的健康问题，每年造成约600亿美元的经济损失。消极同伴 影响是早期开始使用药物和其他危险行为的主要环境风险因素。 然而，基于团体的干预和积极的社会支持也有利于成功戒烟。 物质使用和成瘾行为。因此，社会影响可以有助于适应或适应不良 决策和依赖于影响的背景和性质。尽管作出了巨大贡献， 同伴对个人风险（或安全）决策的影响， 对社会影响的敏感性和复原力的研究有限。 在这里，我们联合收割机结合纵向队列设计，功能性神经影像学，新的行为经济学， 范例，以及基于模型的方法来检查物质使用和物质使用的变化是否 与社会信息影响风险决策的两种机制中的个体差异有关- （目标1和2）。为了测试物质使用的变化也可能影响对以下疾病的易感性的程度， 社会影响，我们将进一步研究物质使用对社会机制的相互影响， 随着时间的推移（目标3）。我们广泛的假设是，在神经和行为处理的偏见， 来自社会他人的信息有助于青少年药物使用行为的发展， 可以解释为什么社会其他人对某些青少年的参与决定有异常大的影响 物质使用。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT In the United States, substance use behaviors contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity of adolescents, and are associated with approximately $60 billion in economic costs per year. Negative peer influence is a major environmental risk factor for early initiation of substance use and other risky behaviors. However, group-based interventions and positive social supports are also beneficial for successful cessation of substance use and addictive behaviors. Thus, social influences can contribute to adaptive or maladaptive decision-making and depend on the context and nature of the influence. Despite the strong contribution of peer influence to individuals' risky (or safe) decision-making, the mechanistic processes underlying susceptibility and resilience to social influence have received limited investigation. Here, we combine a longitudinal cohort design, functional neuroimaging, novel behavioral economic paradigms, and a model-based approach to examine whether substance use, and changes in substance use, are related to individual differences in two mechanisms by which social information influences risky decision- making (Aims 1 & 2). To test the extent to which changes in substance use may also impact susceptibility to social influence, we will further examine reciprocal effects of substance use on the mechanisms of social influence over time (Aim 3). Our broad hypothesis is that biases in neural and behavioral processing of information from social others contribute to the development of substance use behaviors in adolescents and may explain why social others have an unusually large impact on certain adolescents' decisions to engage in substance use.