ALCOHOL AND ACQUAINTANCE ASSAULT RISK PERCEPTION

熟人性侵对年轻女性来说是一个严重的问题。大约四分之一的人遭受过袭击或袭击未遂，其中绝大多数是熟人所为。受害者、攻击者或两者都饮酒占一半以上。预防性侵犯的一个关键因素是早期感知风险，这使妇女能够有效地作出反应，并在情况升级之前摆脱自己。在评估风险和应对风险时，女性会进行一系列初级和次级认知评估。初级评估是指在特定情况下明确承认和评估风险水平的评估。二次评估包括衡量一个人有效应对心理障碍的潜力。我们认为，女性自身的饮酒量和她们对攻击者饮酒量的感知都会影响这一认知评估过程。饮酒认知评价和应对反应冲突的理论模型为本研究提供了理论基础。本文提出了六个实验来研究酒精的生理和预期设定对女性初级和次级认知评价和攻击反应的影响。除酒精和期望集外，操纵变量还包括产生反应冲突的情境变量和攻击者饮酒的情境提示值。背景因素，包括酒精后果的预期，先前的受害和态度也将被检查。这项工作将提供重要的信息，说明女性饮酒和她们对酒精在攻击中的作用的预期如何影响对风险的感知和随后的反应。研究结果对设计预防干预措施具有启示意义，特别是与酒精作为攻击风险因素的作用有关。

(Revised) Assault by acquaintances is a serious problem for young women. Approximately 1 in 4 experience either assault or attempted assault, the overwhelming majority of which are committed by acquaintances. Alcohol consumption by the victim, assailant or both is involved in more than half. One key element of assault prevention is early perception of risk, which enables women to respond effectively and extricate herself from the situation before it escalates. In assessing risk and responding to it, women make a series of primary and secondary cognitive appraisals. Primary appraisals are those directed specifically to acknowledging and assessing the level of risk in a particular situation. Secondary appraisals involve weighing one's potential to respond effectively against psychological barriers. We propose that both women's own alcohol consumption and their perception of the assailant's consumption can affect this cognitive appraisal process. Theoretical models of cognitive appraisal and coping and response conflict related to alcohol consumption provide the foundation for the proposed studies. Six experiments are proposed to investigate alcohol's physiological and expectancy set effects on women's primary and secondary cognitive appraisals and responses to assault. In addition to alcohol and expectancy set, manipulated variables include situational variables that generate response conflict and the situational cue value of assailant's alcohol consumption. Background factors, including alcohol outcome expectancies, prior victimization, and attitudes will also be examined. This work will provide important information about how women's alcohol consumption and their expectancies related to alcohol's role in aggression affect perception of risk and subsequent responding to it. Findings have implications for designing prevention interventions, especially related to alcohol's role as a risk factor for assault.