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A. CORE B OVERVIEW The development and evaluation of effective behavioral interventions depends on valid, reliable measurements, efficient statistical design and data collection methods, and appropriate data analysis techniques. Accordingly, biostatisticians have and will continue to play a pivotal role in research conducted by the CECCR2. The key personnel, Drs. Rod Little, Vijay Nair and Mick Couper, are senior and highly-respected statisticians and methodologists, who each played active roles in the initial CECCR1 proposal. This team remains intact for CECCR2, and they have been actively involved in developing testable specific aims and appropriate statistical design and analysis for the Projects in CECCR2. This continuity of statistical leadership means that the statisticians involved in CECCR2 are already well versed in the complex statistical issues associated with developing effective tailored health interventions, such as fractional factorial designs, data imputation, and mixed models with random effects. The specific aims of the Biostatistics and Measurement Core are: 1) To provide leadership and assistance on all issues relating to statistical design of the Research and Developmental Projects of CECCR2. Specifically, to collaborate with researchers in all three CECCR2 Research Projects to develop efficient experimental designs and (where appropriate) suitable sequential strategies for identifying the active components, to refine our understanding of their effects, and to optimize the selection of treatment settings in multi-component programs. 2) To oversee the management of data collected by CECCR2 Projects, ensure that the confidentiality of participants is protected, and provide accurate data for statistical analysis that meets the goals of the Projects. 3) To provide leadership and support on the statistical analysis of CECCR2 Projects, by selecting appropriate statistical methods for data analysis, analyzing the data, and writing statistical sections for grants and research articles. This Core will also provide statistical consultation for investigators in the design and analysis of Developmental Projects prior to their submission to the Center and funding agencies. 4) Advise investigators in developing, adapting, and pruning assessment measures, and maximizing use of common measures across Projects; and designing studies to assess reliability, validity, and factor structure. 5) To conduct research on statistical methodology, which can be applied to CECCR2 and other tailored communications research activities. The Biostatistics Core will evaluate and develop new methods of statistical analysis particularly germane to CECCR2 research. Specific topics will include development of fractional factorial designs in CECCR2, methods for partial noncompliance, and missing values.