Design and Optimization of Dedicated Computed Tomography of the Breast

乳腺专用计算机断层扫描的设计与优化

• 批准号: 7731139
• 负责人: SRINIVASAN VEDANTHAM
• 金额: $ 35.24万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-06 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7731139
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Address; Algorithms; Biomedical Engineering; Biopsy; Breast; Breast Cancer Risk Factor; Breast Cancer Treatment; Breast Microcalcification; Clinical; Collaborations; Coupled; Data; Detection; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Diagnostic Imaging; Digital Mammography; Dose; Effectiveness; Film; Image; Imagery; Implant; Lesion; Lesion by Morphology; Low Dose Radiation; Malignant Neoplasms; Mammary Gland Parenchyma; Mammography; Masks; Massachusetts; Mastectomy; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Metric; Monitor; Morphologic artifacts; Noise; Operative Surgical Procedures; Organ; Patients; Positioning Attribute; Property; Radiation; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Retinal Cone; Scanning; Scheme; Screening procedure; Source; Specimen; Staging; Structure; System; Techniques; Technology; Therapeutic Agents; Three-Dimensional Imaging; Tissues; Translating; Tumor Volume; Universities; Utah; Validation; Visual; Woman; Work; X-Ray Computed Tomography; base; design; detector; ergonomics; human subject; image reconstruction; improved; in vivo; malignant breast neoplasm; medical schools; minimally invasive; prospective; prototype; public health relevance; reconstruction; sample fixation; simulation; therapeutic effectiveness; tool; tumor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This bioengineering research grant is responsive to PA-07-279 (reissue of PA-06-419). It is a collaboration between the University of Massachusetts Medical School and the Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research at University of Utah. Superposition of breast structures in screen-film and digital mammography may result in missed cancers due to 'masking' effect, or may mimic the presence of a lesion resulting in additional imaging or biopsy. Dedicated breast Computed Tomographic (CT) imaging of the breast can overcome this superposition problem, and provide much improved contrast, thus improving lesion detectability. Further, breast CT can be performed at low radiation dose (equivalent to mammography) with no or minimal physical compression of the breast, alleviating patient discomfort. It can provide for 3-D lesion morphology, which could serve as a diagnostic indicator, and for better quantitative assessment of breast glandular content, a likely risk factor for breast cancer. This work is focused on design and optimization of a dedicated breast CT system. Specifically, the research plan is to address known challenges in breast CT, such as maximizing the inclusion of breast tissue within scan field, determining appropriate source-detector trajectory with consideration for data completeness and reconstruction complexity, and developing noise suppression schemes to improve microcalcification visibility. The research plan includes determining optimal patient position for maximizing breast tissue inclusion, implementation of several image acquisition trajectories and appropriate reconstruction algorithms, comprehensive mathematical simulation and optimization of critical system and reconstruction parameters. Complete characterization of the improvement achieved on a bench-top system will be performed through observer-independent physical metrics and through surgical mastectomy specimen-based observer studies. The results from this study will provide for an ergonomic design and optimized image acquisition and reconstruction technique that can be readily translated to a clinical imaging system. A well-designed dedicated breast CT system can serve as a platform technology for screening and diagnostic imaging, implant imaging, 3-D presurgical planning, monitoring preoperative treatment, and guidance in minimally invasive surgery. We believe our approach will have a major impact on the detection and management of breast cancer. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Volumetric 3-D imaging with a dedicated breast CT system has the potential to be an effective tool to overcome the tissue superposition problem in mammography which results in missed cancers and unnecessary recall of the patient for additional imaging, and for monitoring the effectiveness of therapeutic treatments. However, there are known challenges such as maximizing breast tissue inclusion during the scan, visualization of microcalcifications due to image noise and loss of contrast, and cone- beam artifacts. In this research, we propose to develop methods to overcome these challenges and demonstrate the improved image quality obtained with such methods.

描述(申请人提供)：本生物工程研究基金响应PA-07-279(PA-06-419补发)。这是马萨诸塞大学医学院和犹他大学犹他州高级成像研究中心的合作项目。在屏幕胶片和数字乳房X光摄影中，乳房结构的叠加可能会由于“掩蔽”效应而导致漏诊癌症，或者可能模仿病变的存在，从而导致额外的成像或活组织检查。专用的乳腺计算机断层成像(CT)可以克服这种叠加问题，并提供更好的对比度，从而提高病变的检测率。此外，乳腺CT可以在低辐射剂量(相当于乳房X光摄影)下进行，而不对乳房进行或仅对其进行最小程度的物理压缩，从而减轻患者的不适。它可以提供三维病变形态，可以作为诊断指标，并可以更好地定量评估乳腺腺内容物，这可能是乳腺癌的一个危险因素。本文致力于乳房CT专用系统的设计和优化。具体地说，研究计划是为了解决乳腺CT中的已知挑战，例如最大限度地将乳腺组织包含在扫描范围内，考虑数据完整性和重建复杂性来确定合适的源-探测器轨迹，以及开发噪声抑制方案以提高微钙化的可见性。研究计划包括确定最大限度地包含乳房组织的最佳患者位置，实施几种图像采集轨迹和适当的重建算法，全面的数学模拟以及关键系统和重建参数的优化。通过独立于观察者的物理指标和基于观察者标本的外科乳房切除标本研究，将对在台式系统上实现的改进进行完整的表征。这项研究的结果将提供一种符合人体工程学的设计和优化的图像采集和重建技术，可以很容易地转化为临床成像系统。设计良好的专用乳腺CT系统可以作为一种平台技术，用于筛查和诊断成像、植入成像、3D术前计划、监测术前治疗和指导微创手术。我们相信，我们的方法将对乳腺癌的检测和管理产生重大影响。与公众健康相关：配备专用乳腺CT系统的体积三维成像有可能成为一种有效的工具，以克服乳房X光检查中的组织叠加问题，该问题会导致漏诊癌症和不必要地召回患者进行额外的成像，并用于监测治疗方法的有效性。然而，也存在一些已知的挑战，例如在扫描过程中最大限度地提高乳腺组织的包含率、由于图像噪声和对比度丧失而导致的微钙化的可视化以及锥束伪影。在这项研究中，我们建议开发克服这些挑战的方法，并证明使用这些方法获得的图像质量有所改善。