Design and Optimization of Dedicated Computed Tomography of the Breast

乳腺专用计算机断层扫描的设计与优化

• 批准号: 7907802
• 负责人: SRINIVASAN VEDANTHAM
• 金额: $ 33.71万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-06 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7907802
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Address; Algorithms; Biomedical Engineering; Biopsy; Breast; Breast Cancer Risk Factor; Breast Cancer Treatment; Breast Microcalcification; Clinical; Collaborations; Coupled; Data; Detection; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Diagnostic Imaging; Digital Mammography; Dose; Effectiveness; Film; Image; Imagery; Implant; Lesion; Lesion by Morphology; Low Dose Radiation; Malignant Neoplasms; Mammary Gland Parenchyma; Mammography; Masks; Massachusetts; Mastectomy; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Metric; Monitor; Morphologic artifacts; Noise; Operative Surgical Procedures; Organ; Patients; Positioning Attribute; Property; Radiation; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Retinal Cone; Scanning; Scheme; Screening procedure; Source; Specimen; Staging; Structure; System; Techniques; Technology; Therapeutic Agents; Three-Dimensional Imaging; Tissues; Translating; Tumor Volume; Universities; Utah; Validation; Visual; Woman; Work; X-Ray Computed Tomography; base; design; detector; ergonomics; human subject; image reconstruction; improved; in vivo; malignant breast neoplasm; medical schools; minimally invasive; prospective; prototype; public health relevance; reconstruction; sample fixation; simulation; therapeutic effectiveness; tool; tumor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This bioengineering research grant is responsive to PA-07-279 (reissue of PA-06-419). It is a collaboration between the University of Massachusetts Medical School and the Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research at University of Utah. Superposition of breast structures in screen-film and digital mammography may result in missed cancers due to 'masking' effect, or may mimic the presence of a lesion resulting in additional imaging or biopsy. Dedicated breast Computed Tomographic (CT) imaging of the breast can overcome this superposition problem, and provide much improved contrast, thus improving lesion detectability. Further, breast CT can be performed at low radiation dose (equivalent to mammography) with no or minimal physical compression of the breast, alleviating patient discomfort. It can provide for 3-D lesion morphology, which could serve as a diagnostic indicator, and for better quantitative assessment of breast glandular content, a likely risk factor for breast cancer. This work is focused on design and optimization of a dedicated breast CT system. Specifically, the research plan is to address known challenges in breast CT, such as maximizing the inclusion of breast tissue within scan field, determining appropriate source-detector trajectory with consideration for data completeness and reconstruction complexity, and developing noise suppression schemes to improve microcalcification visibility. The research plan includes determining optimal patient position for maximizing breast tissue inclusion, implementation of several image acquisition trajectories and appropriate reconstruction algorithms, comprehensive mathematical simulation and optimization of critical system and reconstruction parameters. Complete characterization of the improvement achieved on a bench-top system will be performed through observer-independent physical metrics and through surgical mastectomy specimen-based observer studies. The results from this study will provide for an ergonomic design and optimized image acquisition and reconstruction technique that can be readily translated to a clinical imaging system. A well-designed dedicated breast CT system can serve as a platform technology for screening and diagnostic imaging, implant imaging, 3-D presurgical planning, monitoring preoperative treatment, and guidance in minimally invasive surgery. We believe our approach will have a major impact on the detection and management of breast cancer. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Volumetric 3-D imaging with a dedicated breast CT system has the potential to be an effective tool to overcome the tissue superposition problem in mammography which results in missed cancers and unnecessary recall of the patient for additional imaging, and for monitoring the effectiveness of therapeutic treatments. However, there are known challenges such as maximizing breast tissue inclusion during the scan, visualization of microcalcifications due to image noise and loss of contrast, and cone- beam artifacts. In this research, we propose to develop methods to overcome these challenges and demonstrate the improved image quality obtained with such methods.

描述（由申请人提供）：该生物工程研究补助金响应 PA-07-279（重新发布 PA-06-419）。这是马萨诸塞大学医学院和犹他大学高级成像研究中心之间的合作项目。屏幕胶片和数字乳房X光检查中乳房结构的叠加可能会由于“掩蔽”效应而导致漏检癌症，或者可能会模拟病变的存在，从而导致额外的成像或活检。乳房的专用乳房计算机断层扫描（CT）成像可以克服这种叠加问题，并提供大大改善的对比度，从而提高病变的可检测性。此外，乳腺 CT 可以在低辐射剂量（相当于乳房 X 光检查）下进行，对乳房没有或最小的物理压迫，从而减轻患者的不适。它可以提供 3D 病变形态，可以作为诊断指标，并可以更好地定量评估乳腺内容物（乳腺癌的可能危险因素）。这项工作的重点是专用乳腺 CT 系统的设计和优化。具体来说，该研究计划是为了解决乳腺 CT 中的已知挑战，例如最大限度地包含扫描场内的乳腺组织、在考虑数据完整性和重建复杂性的情况下确定适当的源探测器轨迹，以及开发噪声抑制方案以提高微钙化可见度。研究计划包括确定最佳患者位置以最大化乳腺组织包容性、实施多种图像采集轨迹和适当的重建算法、全面的数学模拟以及关键系统和重建参数的优化。将通过独立于观察者的物理指标和基于手术乳房切除标本的观察者研究来对台式系统所实现的改进进行完整表征。这项研究的结果将提供符合人体工程学的设计以及优化的图像采集和重建技术，可以轻松地转化为临床成像系统。精心设计的专用乳腺CT系统可以作为筛查和诊断成像、植入成像、3D术前规划、术前治疗监测以及微创手术指导的平台技术。我们相信我们的方法将对乳腺癌的检测和管理产生重大影响。公共健康相关性：使用专用乳腺 CT 系统进行体积 3D 成像有可能成为克服乳房 X 光检查中组织叠加问题的有效工具，该问题会导致漏检癌症以及不必要地召回患者进行额外成像以及监测治疗效果。然而，存在一些已知的挑战，例如在扫描过程中最大化乳腺组织包容性、由于图像噪声和对比度损失而导致的微钙化的可视化以及锥束伪影。在这项研究中，我们建议开发方法来克服这些挑战，并展示使用这些方法所获得的改进的图像质量。