Obesity and bone development in young girls

年轻女孩的肥胖和骨骼发育

• 批准号: 9198567
• 负责人: Scott B Going
• 金额: $ 48.64万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9198567
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Abdomen; Adipose tissue; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Architecture; Attention; Body Composition; Body fat; Bone Development; C-reactive protein; Chronic; Comorbidity; Conflict (Psychology); Development; Diet; Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution; Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry; Epidemic; Equation; Failure; Fasting; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Fracture; Glucose; Glucose Intolerance; Growth; Height; Imaging Techniques; Impairment; Inflammation; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Intervention; Leg; Life; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Mechanics; Metabolic; Methods; Minerals; Modeling; Muscle; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Obesity; Osteoporosis; Outcome; Overweight; Peripheral; Phase; Physical activity; Physiologic calcification; Prevalence; Prevention strategy; Public Health; Reporting; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Site; Skeletal Muscle; Structure; Technology; Thick; Time; Visceral; Weight; Weight-Bearing state; X-Ray Computed Tomography; Youth; abdominal fat; animal data; bone; bone mass; bone strength; cost effective; density; design; fracture risk; girls; indexing; interest; longitudinal design; mineralization; obesity in children; obesity risk; public health relevance; soft tissue; two-dimensional

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Obesity and osteoporosis are major public health concerns. Mounting evidence supports that they are linked. Whereas overweight per se may augment bone mineralization, animal studies and studies in adults suggest that the metabolic impairment that accompanies obesity is detrimental to bone. Obesity during adolescence, a critical time for bone development, likely has profound and lasting effects on bone strength and fracture risk. This notion has received little attention in adolescents and results are mixed, with studies reporting that mineral accrual is enhanced or impaired by obesity. The proposed project is designed to clarify the relationship of obesity, fat distribution (visceral adipose tissue and tigh muscle fat content), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and inflammation (hsCRP) with bone mass, density, structure and strength in 450 normal weight, overweight and obese premenarcheal girls. Unlike other studies with surrogates for body composition, we plan to measure soft tissue composition and adipose tissue (AT) distribution directly, using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). While DXA also provides a measure of whole body bone mineral mass, the primary bone parameters of interest, cortical and trabecular density (vBMD), structure (e.g., cortical thickness, periosteal and endosteal circumferences), and especially strength (strength-strain index; bone strength index), will be measured by pQCT at weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing sites. pQCT provides 3-dimensional estimates of bone parameters that are not confounded by changes in bone size, a significant confounder of most past studies which have relied on 2-dimensional imaging techniques during growth. Fasting levels of insulin, glucose, and C-reactive protein (CRP) will be measured to assess how insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and inflammation (hsCRP) are related to bone. Repeat measures (2 years from initial assessment) of all variables will be obtained in a subsample (n=150) of normal weight (n=50), obese (n=50), and obese/high IR (n=50) girls to assess the effects of adiposity, insulin resistance and inflammation on changes in bone mass, density, structure and strength. The proposed mixed (cross-sectional and longitudinal) design in premenarcheal girls provides excellent power to examine associations between adiposity, metabolic risk factors and bone, as well as assess their effects on mineral accrual and changes in structure and strength during a critical phase of bone development. We expect to clarify the currently controversial relationships and provide critical information needed to develop efficacious interventions for optimal bone development.

描述（由申请人提供）：肥胖和骨质疏松症是主要的公共卫生问题。越来越多的证据表明它们之间存在联系。虽然超重本身可能会增强骨矿化，但动物研究和成人研究表明，肥胖伴随的代谢损伤对骨骼有害。青春期是骨骼发育的关键时期，肥胖可能对骨骼强度和骨折风险产生深远而持久的影响。这一概念在青少年中很少受到关注，结果好坏参半， 研究报告称，肥胖会增强或削弱矿物质的积累。该项目旨在阐明450名正常体重、超重和肥胖初潮前女孩的肥胖、脂肪分布（内脏脂肪组织和肌肉脂肪含量）、胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）和炎症（hsCRP）与骨量、密度、结构和强度的关系。与其他身体成分替代研究不同，我们计划使用双能 X 射线吸收测定法 (DXA)、磁共振成像 (MRI) 和外周定量计算机断层扫描 (pQCT) 直接测量软组织成分和脂肪组织 (AT) 分布。虽然 DXA 还提供全身骨矿物质质量的测量，但将通过 pQCT 在负重和非负重部位测量主要骨参数、皮质和小梁密度 (vBMD)、结构（例如皮质厚度、骨膜和骨内膜周长），尤其是强度（强度应变指数；骨强度指数）。 pQCT 提供了骨骼参数的 3 维估计，这些参数不会受到骨骼大小变化的影响，而骨骼大小的变化是大多数过去依赖于生长过程中二维成像技术的研究的一个重要混杂因素。将测量胰岛素、葡萄糖和 C 反应蛋白 (CRP) 的空腹水平，以评估胰岛素抵抗 (HOMA-IR) 和炎症 (hsCRP) 与骨骼的关系。将在正常体重 (n=50)、肥胖 (n=50) 和肥胖/高 IR (n=50) 女孩的子样本 (n=150) 中获得所有变量的重复测量（自初始评估起 2 年），以评估肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和炎症对骨量、密度、结构和强度变化的影响。拟议的针对初潮前女孩的混合（横断面和纵向）设计为检查肥胖、代谢危险因素和骨骼之间的关联提供了极好的能力，并评估它们在骨骼发育关键阶段对矿物质累积以及结构和强度变化的影响。我们希望澄清目前有争议的关系，并提供开发有效干预措施以实现最佳骨骼发育所需的关键信息。

项目成果

Validation of Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography-Derived Thigh Adipose Tissue Subcompartments in Young Girls Using a 3 T MRI Scanner.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2018.03.002
• 发表时间: 2018-10
• 期刊: Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry
• 作者: Blew RM;Lee VR;Bea JW;Hetherington-Rauth MC;Galons JP;Altbach MI;Lohman TG;Going SB
• 通讯作者: Going SB

Relative contributions of lean and fat mass to bone strength in young Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.05.023
• 发表时间: 2018-08
• 期刊: Bone
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Hetherington-Rauth M;Bea JW;Blew RM;Funk JL;Hingle MD;Lee VR;Roe DJ;Wheeler MD;Lohman TG;Going SB
• 通讯作者: Going SB

Comparison of direct measures of adiposity with indirect measures for assessing cardiometabolic risk factors in preadolescent girls.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0236-7
• 发表时间: 2017-02-23
• 期刊: Nutrition journal
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Hetherington-Rauth M;Bea JW;Lee VR;Blew RM;Funk J;Lohman TG;Going SB
• 通讯作者: Going SB

Resistance Training Effects on Metabolic Function Among Youth: A Systematic Review.

• DOI: 10.1123/pes.2016-0143
• 发表时间: 2017-08
• 期刊: Pediatric exercise science
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Bea JW;Blew RM;Howe C;Hetherington-Rauth M;Going SB
• 通讯作者: Going SB