Population genomics of a globally distributed arbovirus vector, Aedes albopictus

项目摘要 白纹伊蚊是一种攻击性的叮咬人类的蚊子，是至少22种虫媒病毒的有效载体， 包括登革热基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒AE.白纹伊蚊代表了一种地理上广泛的公共卫生 风险，因为它能够承受寒冷的温度，使其能够从本地传播和建立 从热带地区到温带地区。这种快速适应不同温度状态的能力代表了 一个严重的公共卫生问题，特别是在美国人口稠密的城市地区，其中AE。纹伊蚊 可以在高密度下发生。由于缺乏针对大多数虫媒病毒的疫苗和药物治疗， 这是遏制疾病传播的最有效策略。 我们在拟议研究中的第一个目标是为Ae开发一种新的强大的遗传工具。albopictus，SNP芯片 对成千上万个基因座进行基因分型。这一工具将解决长期存在的知识差距， 缺乏高分辨率的遗传标记。白纹伊蚊，并将是有用的广泛的研究 主题从生态学到载体能力。此外，Verily Life Sciences（子公司）最近的一项举措 Google）测序1000 Ae。白纹伊蚊将为我们拟议的工作提供另一个丰富的数据来源。在 目前的建议是：1）对世界范围内的野外种群进行遗传调查，以重建物种 历史，并允许快速识别地理起源或当前和未来的入侵（全世界 规模）; 2）了解与两个先前的范围扩展相关的人口统计学参数 确定并研究了从热带到温带地区的原生和入侵范围的纬度断面 （地方规模）; 3）建立一个可供公众查阅的物种遗传变异标准化数据库， 可用于追踪该入侵物种范围内未来的变化; 4）收集滞育的表型数据 发病率从这些样本，并使用单核苷酸多态性，以确定基因组区域与滞育 发病率，提供新的工具，通过破坏这一关键特性与气候适应控制病媒。 这项研究的结果将为这一重要的种群动态提供基础知识。 在其原生和入侵栖息地的传播媒介。这些数据还将提供实用信息， 制定和执行有效的监测和控制战略。

Project Summary Aedes albopictus, is an aggressive human-biting mosquito and a competent vector of at least 22 arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Ae. albopictus represents a geographically extensive public health risk because of its ability to withstand cold temperatures which allow it to spread and establish from the native tropical regions to temperate localities. This ability to rapidly adapt to different temperature regimes represents a serious public health concern, especially in heavily populated urban areas of the U.S. where Ae. albopictus can occur at high densities. Lack of vaccines and drug treatments for most arboviruses makes vector control the most effective strategy for curbing disease spread. Our first goal in the proposed research is to develop a new powerful genetic tool for Ae. albopictus, a SNP chip to efficiently genotype tens of thousands of loci. This tool will address a longstanding knowledge gap due to the lack of high-resolution genetic markers for Ae. albopictus, and will be useful for a wide range of research topics from ecology to vector competence. In addition, a recent initiative by Verily Life Sciences (subsidiary of Google) to sequence 1000 Ae. albopictus will provide another rich source of data for our proposed work. In the current proposal we will: 1) Perform genetic surveys of worldwide field populations to reconstruct the species history and to allow rapid identification of the geographic origin(s) or current and future invasions (worldwide scale); 2) Understand the demographic parameters associated with range expansion on two previously identified and studied latitudinal transects from tropical to temperate areas in the native and invasive range (local scale); 3) Construct a publicly accessible standardized database of genetic variation of the species that can be used to trace future changes in this invasive species range; 4) Collect phenotypic data on diapause incidence from these samples and use the SNPs to identify genomic regions associated with diapause incidence to provide novel tools for vector control by disrupting this key trait linked to climatic adaptation. Results from this research will provide fundamental knowledge on the population dynamics of this important vector in its native and invasive habitats. The data will also provide practical information to help in the development and implementation of effective monitoring and control strategies.