Protein Phosphatase 1 Holoenzyme Formation

蛋白磷酸酶 1 全酶形成

• 批准号: 10671729
• 负责人: Wolfgang Peti
• 金额: $ 38.72万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT SCH OF MED/DNT
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10671729
• 关键词: ATP phosphohydrolase; Area; Binding; Biochemical; Biogenesis; Biological; Biological Process; Biology; Biophysics; Cells; Cellular biology; Complex; Cysteine; Data; Development; Disease; Dissociation; Drug Targeting; Enzymes; Essential Genes; Eukaryota; Eukaryotic Cell; Excision; Genetic; Goals; Health; Holoenzymes; Hydrolysis; Individual; Laboratories; Location; Malignant Neoplasms; Metals; Mitosis; Molecular; Molecular Chaperones; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Phosphorylation; Phosphotransferases; Post-Translational Protein Processing; Protein Deficiency; Protein Dephosphorylation; Protein Inhibition; Protein phosphatase; Proteins; Reaction; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Role; Serine/Threonine Phosphorylation; Signal Transduction; Structure; Substrate Specificity; Testing; Threonine Phosphorylation Site; Work; Yeasts; biophysical tools; cell growth; dimer; experimental study; human disease; inhibitor; inorganic phosphate; insight; novel; novel strategies; protein phosphatase inhibitor-1; response; structural biology; tool; ubiquitin-protein ligase; yeast genetics

ABSTRACT Phosphorylation is one of the most ubiquitous, reversible posttranslational modifications in cells. The enzymes responsible for controlling the phosphorylation state of the cell are kinases, which catalyze the transfer of the γ-phosphate moiety of ATP to substrates, and phosphatases, which catalyze the reverse hydrolysis reaction, the removal of the phosphate moiety from phosphorylated substrates. Thus, phosphatases dynamically reverse the effects of kinases. Because phosphorylation is critical for all biological processes from cell growth to differentiation to development, the location and duration of the reciprocal actions of kinases and phosphatases must be exquisitely regulated both temporally and spatially within the cell. Consequently, when this tight regulation is disrupted, dysregulation of phosphorylation signaling ensues and the consequence is most often disease. Deletion of either one of two PP1 regulators—SDS22 (PPP1R7) or Inhibitor-3 (I3; PPP1R11 or Ypi1 in yeast)—is lethal in yeast (essential genes), highlighting their biological significance. However, since their discovery, different biological roles have been assigned to SDS22 and I3, including roles in mitosis (SDS22), E3 ligase functionality (I3), PP1 biogenesis, among others. Thus, while it is clear that SDS22 and I3 are essential PP1 regulators, their true biological function(s) and especially their mechanism(s) of action are still unknown. This has hindered progress in understanding their roles in PP1 biology. In cells, these proteins form both heterodimeric (SDS22:PP1 and I3:PP1) and a heterotrimeric (SDS22:I3:PP1; SIP) PP1 complex. The structure and function(s) of the individual dimeric complexes, if and how the structure and function(s) of the trimeric complex differs from those of the dimeric complexes and the role(s) of each complex in PP1 holoenzyme formation are major questions in the field. Further, additional data suggest that dissociation of the SIP complex requires the AAA+ ATPase p37/p97. However, the molecular details of SIP complex dissociation have also remained elusive. The presented research project uses a powerful integrated approach that combines structural biology with biochemical and cell biology experiments to obtain novel insights into the molecular mechanisms used by these regulators to control PP1 activity and direct PP1 holoenzyme assembly. Because PP1 holoenzymes have critical roles in human diseases, the proposed work will provide novel strategies for selectively inhibiting PP1 activity by targeting the PP1 holoenzyme formation and subunit exchange, which is essential for understanding how distinct PPPs contribute to disease.

摘要 磷酸化是细胞中最普遍的、可逆的翻译后修饰之一。的酶 负责控制细胞磷酸化状态的是激酶，其催化磷酸化酶的转移。 ATP的γ-磷酸部分转化为底物和磷酸酶，催化逆水解反应， 从磷酸化底物中除去磷酸部分。因此，磷酸酶动态逆转 激酶的作用。因为磷酸化对于从细胞生长到 分化到发育，激酶和磷酸酶相互作用的位置和持续时间 必须在细胞内的时间和空间上进行精细的调节。因此，当这种紧 调节被破坏，磷酸化信号传导的失调加剧，其结果是最常见的 疾病缺失两种PP 1调节剂之一-SDS 22（PPP 1 R7）或抑制剂-3（I3; PPP 1 R11或Ypi 1 在酵母中）-在酵母中是致命的（必需基因），突出了它们的生物学意义。然而，由于他们 发现，SDS 22和I3具有不同的生物学作用，包括在有丝分裂中的作用（SDS 22）， E3连接酶功能性（I3）、PP 1生物发生等。因此，虽然很明显SDS 22和I3是 基本的PP 1调节剂，它们真正的生物学功能，尤其是它们的作用机制，仍然是 未知这阻碍了对它们在PP 1生物学中作用的理解。在细胞中，这些蛋白质 异二聚体（SDS 22：PP 1和I3：PP 1）和异三聚体（SDS 22：I3：PP 1; SIP）PP 1复合物。的 单个二聚复合物的结构和功能，如果以及如何改变二聚复合物的结构和功能， 三聚体复合物不同于二聚体复合物，并且每个复合物在PP 1中的作用 全酶形成是该领域的主要问题。此外，额外的数据表明， SIP复合物需要AAA+ ATP酶p37/p97。然而，SIP复合物解离的分子细节 也依然难以捉摸所提出的研究项目使用了一种强大的综合方法， 结合结构生物学与生物化学和细胞生物学实验，以获得新的见解， 这些调节因子用于控制PP 1活性和指导PP 1全酶组装的分子机制。 由于PP 1全酶在人类疾病中具有关键作用，因此所提出的工作将提供新的 通过靶向PP 1全酶形成和亚基选择性抑制PP 1活性的策略 这对于理解不同的购买力平价如何促成疾病至关重要。