Drug Abuse, Criminal Justice System Involvement & Health Disparities in Youth

药物滥用、刑事司法系统的参与

• 批准号: 7525601
• 负责人: PING WU
• 金额: $ 37.51万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-01 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7525601
• 关键词: Accounting; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; African American; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Area; Behavior; Clinical; Communities; Community Surveys; Criminal Justice; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Dependence; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Emotional; Ethnic group; Family; Growth; Health; Health Services Accessibility; Health Surveys; Individual; Justice; Longitudinal Surveys; Minority; NIH Program Announcements; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Population; Prisoner; Prisons; Problem behavior; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Project Grants; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Services; Substance abuse problem; Surveys; System; Testing; Youth; health disparity; juvenile justice system; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; racial and ethnic disparities; racial/ethnic difference; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The current application is the second revision of our application responding to Program Announcement PA-07-114. Our proposed study will examine substance abuse, juvenile/criminal justice system involvement and health disparities in youth, focusing on comparisons between African American and White youth. African Americans comprise about 12% of the US population, but they represented almost half of the prison population in 2004. Increases in arrests for drug offenses have accounted for nearly one third of the growth of the African American inmate population in recent decades. However, findings from national community surveys have shown that rates of substance use and abuse in African Americans are similar to those of Whites. Also, studies have shown that African Americans are less likely to receive adequate treatment for substance use related problems. There is a need to understand racial/ethnic disparities related to juvenile/criminal justice system involvement, substance use and access to treatment for substance use related problems. The proposed project utilizes data from three nationally representative surveys of youth: (1) a large community sample with information on criminal justice system involvement histories, substance use/abuse/dependence, and use of substance treatment services; (2) a longitudinal (7-year) survey of youth covering substance use, delinquent behaviors, juvenile/criminal justice system involvement and risk factors at the individual, family and community levels; and (3) a large, nationally representative sample of youth in placement in Juvenile Justice facilities. Study aims: (1) To examine rates of Juvenile/Criminal Justice System involvement among youth, especially among those with substance use or abuse/dependence, comparing African American and White youth, and identifying factors which may partially explain the differences between the two groups; (2) Using longitudinal data, to examine racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between substance use and juvenile/criminal justice involvement, including the role of substance use in pathways to criminal justice involvement from adolescence to young adulthood, as well as the impact of criminal/juvenile justice system involvement on subsequent changes in patterns of substance use; and (3) To examine differences in the types of treatment received for substance use related problems by African-American and White youth with juvenile/criminal justice system involvement, and identify barriers to use of treatment services faced by African-American youth with juvenile justice system involvement. Public Health Relevance: Given that African American youth are disproportionately represented among juvenile and adult arrestees and prisoners/detainees, especially for drug offenses, and that treatment services for substance use related problems for people involved in the criminal/juvenile justice system tend to be lacking or inadequate, there is a great need to understand the racial/ethnic disparities related to juvenile/criminal justice system involvement, substance use and access to treatment for substance use related problems. The proposed study will examine these racial/ethnic disparities in terms of the dynamic longitudinal relationship between substance use and juvenile/criminal justice system involvement, and in terms of access to treatment services for substance use related problems, from a public health perspective.

描述(申请人提供)：本次申请是我们对PA-07-114计划公告的第二次修订。我们拟议的研究将考察药物滥用、青少年/刑事司法系统参与和青年健康差距，重点比较非裔美国人和白人青年之间的差异。非裔美国人约占美国人口的12%，但在2004年，他们几乎占到了监狱人口的一半。近几十年来，因毒品犯罪而被捕的人数增加，占非裔美国囚犯人数增长的近三分之一。然而，来自全国社区调查的结果显示，非裔美国人的药物使用率和滥用率与白人相似。此外，研究表明，非裔美国人不太可能因与药物使用有关的问题而得到适当的治疗。有必要了解与青少年/刑事司法系统的参与、药物使用和药物使用相关问题获得治疗有关的种族/族裔差异。拟议的项目利用了三项具有全国代表性的青年调查的数据：(1)关于刑事司法系统参与史、药物使用/滥用/依赖和药物治疗服务使用情况的大社区样本；(2)关于青少年使用药物、犯罪行为、少年/刑事司法系统参与情况以及个人、家庭和社区各级风险因素的纵向(7年)调查；(3)少年司法设施中具有全国代表性的青年大样本。研究目的：(1)检查青少年，特别是有药物使用或滥用/依赖的青少年的青少年/刑事司法系统参与率，比较非裔美国人和白人青少年，找出可能部分解释这两个群体之间差异的因素；(2)使用纵向数据，检查在药物使用和青少年/刑事司法参与关系中的种族/民族差异，包括药物使用在从青春期到青年阶段参与刑事司法的途径中的作用，以及刑事/青少年司法系统参与对随后药物使用模式变化的影响；以及(3)审查参与少年/刑事司法系统的非裔美国青年和白人青年在药物使用相关问题上所接受的治疗类型的差异，并查明参与少年司法系统的非裔美国青年在使用治疗服务方面所面临的障碍。公共卫生相关性：鉴于非裔美国青年在青少年和成人被捕者和囚犯/被拘留者中的比例不成比例，特别是在毒品犯罪中，而且刑事/少年司法系统中涉及物质使用相关问题的治疗服务往往缺乏或不足，因此非常有必要了解与青少年/刑事司法系统参与、药物使用和获得药物使用相关问题治疗有关的种族/族裔差异。拟议的研究将从药物使用与青少年/刑事司法系统参与之间的动态纵向关系以及从公共卫生的角度审查与药物使用有关的问题获得治疗服务的情况，来审查这些种族/族裔差异。